含绿色荧光蛋白发色团双自由基分子的非线性光学性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了系列含绿色荧光蛋白发色团双自由基分子光学异构体的几何结构、极化率(αs)和第一超极化率(βtot).结果表明,引入电子给受体取代基使分子的极化率增大,而对第一超极化率有不同影响.对于光照前的反式结构,引入电子受体βtot值增加,且βtot值随取代基吸电子能力的增强而增大;引入电子给体βtot值降低,且βtot值随取代基给电子能力的增强而减小.当分子变成相应的顺式结构时,其βtot值变化趋势与反式结构的结果正好相反.光异构化前后分子的βtot值变化不同,引入电子受体使顺式结构的βtot值比反式结构的小,其中―NO2使顺式结构的βtot值减小为反式结构的1/6;引入电子给体使反式结构的βtot值比顺式结构的小,其中―NH2使反式结构的βtot值减小为顺式结构的1/6.从而,光异构化起到调节非线性光学(NLO)响应的作用.     

Numerically anticanonical divisors on Kato surfaces

The compact curves of an intermediate Kato surface $S$ form a basis of $H^2(S,\mathbb{Q})$. We present a way to compute the associated rational coefficients of the first Chern class $c_1\left(S\right)$. We get in particular a simple geometric obstruction for $c_1\left(S\right)$ to be an integral class, or equivalently index $\left(S\right)=1$. In the final part we discuss relations with some recent work of Dloussky (2011) and Oeljeklaus and Toma (2009).     

Aharonov–Bohm effect in non-uniform crater-like quantum dot with double rim

We study electron energies in a double concentric quantum ring with anisotropy in the rims heights in the presence of the external magnetic field applied along the symmetry axis. To this end, we consider a model in which the thickness grows linearly from the axis up to the inner rim with a slope different from one between the inner and the outer rims. The anisotropy in the rims heights originated by the presence in the structure of various valleys we simulate by periodic dependence of the slope on the radial direction. We show that the wave functions of the electron confined in such structure can be found analytically if the slopes in all radial directions are the same, and by using a simple exact diagonalization procedure otherwise. The behavior of the electron energies as functions of the magnetic field, rings radii and rims heights, as well as the number of the valleys and their depths is consistently described with our formalism. The entanglement of the states with different radial and orbital quantum numbers, the period and the amplitude of the Aharonov–Bohm oscillations are very sensible to any variations of the rims heights.     

A Non‐Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotube/Self‐Doped Polyaniline Hollow Spheres

In this study, a novel non‐enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor was fabricated based on gold nanoparticles/carbon nanotube/self‐doped polyaniline (AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN) hollow spheres modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). SPAN was in‐site polymerized on the surface of SiO₂ template, then AuNPs and CNTs were decorated by electrostatic absorption via poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). After the SiO₂ cores were removed, hollow AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN spheres were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical catalytic performance of the hollow AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN/GCE for H₂O₂ detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. Using chronoamperometric method at a constant potential of ?0.1 V (vs. SCE), the H₂O₂ sensor displays two linear ranges: one from 5 µM to 0.225 mM with a sensitivity of 499.82 µA mM^?1 cm^?2; another from 0.225 mM to 8.825 mM with a sensitivity of 152.29 µA mM^?1 cm^?2. The detection limit was estimated as 0.4 µM (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3). The hollow AuNPs/CNTs/SPAN/GCE also demonstrated excellent stability and selectivity against interferences from other electroactive species. The sensor was further applied to determine H₂O₂ in disinfectant real samples.     

非超临界干燥法制备SiO2气凝胶

应用廉价的国产硅溶胶为原料，通过凝胶过程和干燥过程条件的选择，以非超临界干燥技术最终获得了块状SiO2气凝胶.该气凝胶外观状态与应用正硅酸乙酯为原料制得的完全一致，其微观结构也相当良好，其直径和孔分布均匀.溶液的配比和pH对凝胶过程和气凝胶样品的密度有比较明显的影响，同时pH值与SiO2的粒径之间也有一定的关系.依据制备条件的变化，所得SiO2气凝胶的密度约在200～400 kg•m－3，比表面在250～300 m2•g－1之间变化，平均孔径约为11～20 nm，而孔隙率在91％左右.     

碳酸钙与碳化硅对室温硫化硅橡胶的补强作用

在有关硅橡胶补强的研究中,人们已经对ＳｉＯ２ 等补强性填料对硅橡胶的补强作用进行了深入的研究,但对非补强填料对室温硫化硅橡胶的补强作用则相对涉及较少．作者研究了ＣａＣＯ３ 和ＳｉＣ 两类非补强性填料以及填料的粒径与分布对室温硫化硅橡胶拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐温性能等的影响,发现合适粒径的非补强性填料对室温硫化硅橡胶有较好的补强效果,且在填料粒径及分布匹配时有最好的补强效果,选用ＳｉＣ时还可以有效提高室温硫化硅橡胶的热稳定性．     

豚草聚合酶链反应产物的高效毛细管电泳检测

利用PE270A－HT型高效毛细管电泳仪,采用无胶筛分电泳,以羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）为筛分介质,对三裂叶豚草（Ambrosia trifida L.)的聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物进行了分离分析,显示了高效、快速、无污染的毛细管电泳技术在植物DNA片段多态性分析方面的巨大的潜力。     

Current status of automotive fuel cells for sustainable transport

Automotive proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have finally reached a state of technological readiness where several major automotive companies are commercially leasing and selling fuel cell electric vehicles, including Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai. These now claim vehicle speed and acceleration, refueling time, driving range, and durability that rival conventional internal combustion engines and in most cases outperform battery electric vehicles. The residual challenges and areas of improvement which remain for PEMFCs are performance at high current density, durability, and cost. These are expected to be resolved over the coming decade while hydrogen infrastructure needs to become widely available. Here, we briefly discuss the status of automotive PEMFCs, misconceptions about the barriers that platinum usage creates, and the remaining hurdles for the technology to become broadly accepted and implemented.     

新鲜苹果汁可溶性固形物含量的傅里叶变换近红外光谱检测

用傅里叶变换近红外(FTNIR)光谱透射方式对新鲜苹果汁溶性固形物含量(SSC)进行了快速定量分析。实验共测定了60个果汁样品的SSC,并采集了样品的近红外光谱数据。42个样品用来建模,剩下的18个用来验证模型的性能。对实验室测得的SSC与FTNIR光谱数据进行相关性分析,以TQ 6.2.1定量分析软件中集成的主成分回归法(PCR)和偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立了检测模型。该研究对比了不同光谱范围内建立的检测模型的性能。根据预测平方根误差(RMSEP)和相关系数(r2)进行不同模型的预测性能,最好的新鲜苹果汁SSC预测模型的RMSEP＝0.603 0Brix,r2＝0.997。结果表明FT-NIR可以作为一种可靠、准确、快速的无损检测方法来评价新鲜果汁的可溶性固形物含量。     

Quantum Emulation of Extreme Non‐Equilibrium Phenomena with Trapped Atoms

Ultracold atomic physics experiments offer a nearly ideal context for the investigation of quantum systems far from equilibrium. We describe three related emerging directions of research into extreme non‐equilibrium phenomena in atom traps: quantum emulation of ultrafast atom‐light interactions, coherent phasonic spectroscopy in tunable quasicrystals, and realization of Floquet matter in strongly‐driven lattice systems. We show that all three should enable quantum emulation in parameter regimes inaccessible in solid‐state experiments, facilitating a complementary approach to open problems in non‐equilibrium condensed matter.