Defect of the five-thirds law using the Wiener-Hermite expansion

Application of the refined Wiener-Hermite expansion with moderate to high Reynolds numbers Re to homogeneous, isotropic turbulence is presented. The results show a defect to Kolmogorov's five-thirds law, increase in the absolute value of the exponent comparable with many theoretical predictions. Midrange spectra up to fluctuation Reynolds numbers of 10⁸ show little, if any, dependence of the defect on Re, as long as the initial spectra do not deviate too far from their equilibrium states. The renormalization scheme has also been proven to have no effect on the final shape of the spectrum.     

Measurement of the structure coefficient of refractive index fluctuations in a turbulent premixed butane-air flame by means of a laser-based interferometer technique

With a view to measuring the structure coefficient of refractive index fluctuations in a turbulent premixed butane-air flame, a thin laser beam is sent into the flame perpendicular to the flow direction. The laser beam generally undergoes fluctuations of direction, phase, and amplitude. Only the random deflections of the laser beam may be taken into account. After having traversed the flame, the perturbed laser beam enters into an interferometric system. Materials and experimental procedure are described. In the unperturbed interference pattern, the zones only sensitive to fluctuations of the angle-of-arrival of the laser beam are detected. From the random displacements of the central bright fringe, the structure coefficient of refractive index fluctuations in the flame is measured. To prove that the method of measurement is satisfactory, the result obtained is applied for computing the power spectral density of the angle-of-arrival of the laser beam from the formula of correlations of the laser beam deflection angles which we have demonstrated in previous works. This computed power spectral density is compared to that measured from the effective position of the detector. A good agreement is observed between the two results.     

Modeling and simulation of vibrational breathing-like modes in individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes

We study the collective vibrational breathing modes in the Raman spectrum of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs). First, a bond polarization theory and the spectral moment's method (SMM) are used to calculate the non-resonant Raman frequencies of the breathing-like modes (BLMs) and the tangential-like ones (TLMs). Second, the Raman active modes of MCNTs are computed for different diameters and numbers of layers. The obtained low frequency modes in MCNTs can be identified to each single-walled carbon nanotubes. These modes that originate from the radial breathing ones of the individual walls are strongly coupled through the concentric tube–tube van der Waals interaction. The calculated BLMs in the low-frequency region are compared with the experimental Raman data obtained from other studies. Finally, special attention is given to the comparison with Raman data on MCNTs composed of six layers.     

基于叶绿素荧光光谱分析的稻瘟病害预测模型

为了实现稻瘟病的快速、准确和无损检测,力求构建稻瘟病害预测模型。根据水稻叶片相对病害面积将稻瘟病划分为3个等级,通过激光诱导法采集不同病害等级的活体水稻叶片叶绿素荧光光谱。选取502～830 nm波段激光诱导叶绿素荧光光谱(LICF)作为研究对象,利用Savitzky-Golay平滑法(SG)和一阶导数变换(FDT)对光谱信息进行预处理,通过主成分分析(PCA)方法获取经SG-FDT预处理后光谱的特征向量,根据累积贡献率和方差选取前3个主成分进行分析。将试验样本分为建模样本和检验样本,以稻瘟病害等级为预测指标,利用建模样本的133片叶片的光谱和病害信息分别结合判别分析(DA)、多类逻辑回归分析(MLRA)和多层感知器(MLP)建立稻瘟病的预测模型,利用检验样本的89片叶片的光谱和病害信息对所建模型进行预测检验,完成对PCA-DA、PCA-MLRA和PCA-MLP的对比寻优。结果表明,PCA-DA,PCA-MLRA和PCA-MLP模型均能完成对稻瘟病害的预测,但PCA-MLP模型的平均预测准确率能够达到91.7%,相比PCA-DA和PCA-MLRA模型,在稻瘟病害3个等级上均具有较好的分类和预测能力。     

激光接收与彩色电视共窗口设计

介绍了激光接收和彩色电视共窗口的多波段光谱融合技术.采用一个焦距为20~450 mm的连续变焦距镜头(视场角在13.68°×10.26°~0.61°×0.46°内连续变化),在会聚光或平行光的条件下,采用立方棱镜或平板玻璃分光,分别进行了对比试验.结果显示,使用会聚光下的立方棱镜分光,在大视场13.68°×10.26°的情况下,光线入射角最大,色偏移严重,图像颜色严重失真.随着视场角的减小,光线入射角减小,图像颜色失真程度逐渐减小,越接近小视场0.61°×0.46°,图像颜色失真现象基本消失;而使用平板玻璃对平行光分光的条件下分光,连续变焦距镜头在整个视场范围内,不仅光学像差满足要求,同时解决了棱镜分光的色偏移问题,图像颜色正常,在空间尺寸苛刻的情况下,彩色电视光学系统MTF在108 lp/mm时达到了0.3,设计结果满足工程应用要求.     

江西“高洲石”的矿物学和谱学特征研究

印章石是我国特有的具有民族历史文化特色的艺术品, 江西“高洲石”是近年来新发现并在市场上流通的印章石品种。采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及差热分析(DTA)对“高洲石”的矿物学特征和谱学特征进行了系统的研究。粉晶衍射结果表明, “高洲石”的主要矿物成分为高岭石族矿物和叶蜡石, 其次含有少量的绢云母和伊利石等。其中高岭石和地开石多型可通过18°～40°(2θ)范围内一系列地开石特有的衍射峰鉴别。“高洲石”中高岭石族矿物同时出现高岭石和地开石的特征衍射峰, 主要为高岭石-地开石过渡矿物。“高洲石”主要化学成分为SiO2和Al2O3, 次要成分为Fe2O3和K2O和Na2O等, 这与高岭石族矿物的化学成分相一致。红外光谱的结果显示“高洲石”中高岭石-地开石过渡矿物在高频区一般出现3 689, 3 645和3 615 cm-1三个谱带, 其中归属于面外羟基振动的3 689 cm-1谱带和面内羟基振动的3 615 cm-1谱带强度近似相等, 部分略有变化, 其变化因含高岭石层或地开石层较多造成。扫描电镜下观察到“高洲石”中高岭石矿物的形态主要呈直径为0.5～4 μm的不规则片状或假六方板状, 与我国其他产地印石的扫描电镜特征较为相似。差热分析结果表明高岭石族矿物的脱羟吸热谷温度与其矿物种属有一定对应关系, 同时此温度还受矿物颗粒大小的影响。综合研究表明, “高洲石”的矿物类型与我国四大印石(寿山石、昌化石、青田石、巴林石)相似, 作为四大印石的替代品, “高洲石”具有广阔的市场前景。     

Monte Carlo simulation for bremsstrahlung and photoneutron yields in high-energy x-ray radiography

This paper reports on the results of calculations using a Monte Carlo code (MCNP5) to study the properties of photons, electrons and photoneutrons obtained in the converted target and their transportations in x-ray radiography. A comparison between measurements and calculations for bremsstrahlung and photoneutrons is presented. The radiographic rule and the effect of the collimator on the image are studied with the experimental model. The results provide exact parameters for the optimal design of radiographic layout and shielding systems.     

叶绿素紫外吸收特性的分析研究

鉴于光合作用对人类生存和发展的极其重要的地位,本文选取其关键载体——叶绿素进行其光谱的分析研究。在理论分析的基础上,使用WGD-8A型多功能组合光谱仪测量并分析了叶绿素的紫外吸收特性。结合实验结果和前人的研究成果,得出叶绿素在紫外波段281nm和312nm处有较强的吸收峰,紫外线对于光合作用有促进作用的结论,并提供了一种测量叶绿素含量的方法。     

拉曼光谱数据库及信息查询系统

随着拉曼光谱议的不断发展,尤其是便携式拉曼光谱仪的普及,与其配套的各种拉曼数据库的建立是十分重要的。目前大多数实验室都依赖进口仪器及其相应的数据库。因此建立我国自己的拉曼数据库具有重要的意义。本文采用目前最先进的数据库软件平台,构建了大型拉曼光谱数据库。本数据库包括宝玉石及其填充物、原生矿物、毒品,农药,打印复印墨迹、化学药剂等数个子数据库,总计有数千条图谱及数据信息。可以通过中文名称、英文名称、化学式、特征峰等多种方式进行查询。系统具有智能化的信息查询模块,并且支持模糊查询。根据最强的三个特征峰值进行搜索,是其区别其他数据库的显著特点。在特征峰搜索模式中,通过依次输入拉曼图谱中的最强特征峰值,经过几次比对和确认可以显示出满足搜索条件的图谱,最终逼近真实结果。操作人员只需经过简单的培训,使用较低硬件配置的计算机,就能够在几秒钟内根据实际测得拉曼图谱,从数据库中查找出与其匹配的信息,从而快速准确的鉴定出其构成与或所属矿物。本数据库在功能上可以不断扩展,包含的数据信息可以不断扩充。该数据库可广泛应用于公安法学,宝玉石真伪,化学分析等各种物相鉴定领域。     

Estimation of the proton energy spectrum in knee region by analog read-out of ARGO-YBJ experiment

Based on the six months data set of ARGO-YBJ experiment with analog read-out and its Monte Carlo simulation,we study the difference between different primaries induced showers by using the space-time information of the charged particles in Extensive Air Showers.With five parameters which can efficiently pick out primary proton induced showers as inputs of an artificial neural network,the proton spectrum from 100 TeV to 10 PeV can be obtained.