MDGC–MS: A powerful tool for enantioselective flavor analysis

This paper reports the differentiation between the enantiomers of theaspiranes and theaspirones, potent flavor compounds widely used in the flavor industry. Optically pure reference compounds of isomeric theaspiranes were obtained by enantioselective synthesis. Enantiomerically pure reference theaspirones were isolated from quince fruit; their absolute stereochemistry was assigned by CD spectroscopy. For both types of compounds the order of elution was elucidated by using authentic reference compounds. These data enabled the determination of the enantiomeric distribution of both types of compounds in a variety of plant tissues. Because of the complexity of the natural flavor isolates, compounds were identified by mass spectrometry after multidimensional gas chromatography employing a Sichromat 2 double oven chromatograph. After separation of the target compounds on the first, achiral, column (DB-5), they were transferred to a chiral column (C-Dex B) for determination of the enantiomeric distribution. Multiple ion detection (MID) enabled the determination of the enantiomeric distribution even for complex mixtures containing the target compounds at extremely low levels.     

Generalized Brownian motion and elasticity

We introduce a family of stochastic processes which are a natural extension of Brownian motion to a tensor form. This allows us to solve a Dirichlet problem of linear elasticity obeying Lamé's equation, [1–(d– 1)]²V(x)+ [·V(x)]=0.     

Note on the fractal dimension of hard sphere trajectories

Using Monte Carlo molecular dynamics, a new, careful study is made of the approach of the trajectory of a typical particle in a hard sphere fluid to that of a Brownian particle, discussed before by Powles and Quirke and Rapaport. The apparent fractal dimension of the trajectory, as a function of reduced length scale,(), characterizes the transition from mechanical to Brownian motion and differs markedly from 2 in all present computer simulations.     

Alginate Properties and Heavy Metal Biosorption by Marine Algae

The physical properties of the alginate component in four different brown seaweeds (Sargassumfluitans, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculo-sus, andLaminaria japonica) were characterized using potentiometric titration,¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), chemical analysis, and viscosity measurements. The heavy metal binding capacities of the corresponding seaweeds were directly proportional to their respective total carboxyl group content, and related to the electronegativity of the elements investigated (Ca, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb). The uronic acid composition or sequence of the alginate component did not affect the metal uptake properties of the biosorbents studied here. However, the alginate leaching owing to its solubilization by Na ions was observed to decrease with increasing intrinsic viscosity of the extracted alginate, related to its molecular weight, and with increasing apparent acidic dissociation constant, related to the alginate density inside the biomass.     

NAK-12树脂脱除蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味及褐变物质的研究

本文研究了用NAK－12吸附树脂脱除蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味及褐变色素的条件，初步分析了蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味产生的原因，实验结果表明：当流速为3BV／h时，1ml NAK-12吸附树脂能吸附1．75g蚕蛹复合氨基酸中的异味物质；能吸附1．45g蚕蛹复合氨基酸中的褐变物质。甲醇是异味物质和褐变物质的良好洗脱剂，用pH1．0的甲醇以1BV／h流速洗脱，仅用3．5BV的洗脱剂即可完全洗脱异味物质和褐变物质，蚕蛹复合氨基酸异味产生的可能机理是：加热蚕蛹复合氨基酸液时，其苯丙氨酸，蛋氨酸，蛋氨酸，异亮氨酸，亮氨酸，苏氨酸被氧化脱氨，生成挥发性醛，而其褐变则是赖氨酸，精氨酸与还原糖发生Maillard反应生成褐变物质引起的。     

On the Integration by Parts and Characterization of a Fractional Diffusion Process北大核心CSCD

本文研究分数扩散过程和其分部积分公式的关系.首先利用Bismut方法给出拉回公式,进而得到分数扩散过程的分部积分公式。反过来,证明了分数扩散过程可由其分部积分公式唯一刻画.     

Vieta–Fibonacci wavelets: Application in solving fractional pantograph equations

In this paper, the Vieta–Fibonacci wavelets as a new family of orthonormal wavelets are generated. An operational matrix concerning fractional integration of these wavelets is extracted. A numerical scheme is established based on these wavelets and their fractional integral matrix together with the collocation technique to solve fractional pantograph equations. The presented method reduces solving the problem under study into solving a system of algebraic equations. Several examples are provided to show the accuracy of the method.     

On solvability of differential equations with the Riesz fractional derivative

We consider the solvability of fractional differential equations involving the Riesz fractional derivative. Our approach basically relies on the reduction of the problem considered to the equivalent nonlinear mixed Volterra and Cauchy-type singular integral equation and on the theory of fractional calculus. By establishing a compactness property of the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator on Lebesgue spaces and using the well-known Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, an existence of at least one solution is gleaned. An example is finally included to show the applicability of the theory.     

几乎各向同性的高维空间分数阶扩散方程的分块快速正则Hermite分裂预处理方法

一类空间分数阶扩散方程经过有限差分离散后所得到的离散线性方程组的系数矩阵是两个对角矩阵与Toeplitz型矩阵的乘积之和.在本文中,对于几乎各向同性的二维或三维空间分数阶扩散方程的离散线性方程组,采用预处理Krylov子空间迭代方法,我们利用其系数矩阵的特殊结构和具体性质构造了一类分块快速正则Hermite分裂预处理子.通过理论分析,我们证明了所对应的预处理矩阵的特征值大部分都聚集于1的附近.数值实验也表明,这类分块快速正则Hermite分裂预处理子可以明显地加快广义极小残量(GMRES)方法和稳定化的双共轭梯度(BiCGSTAB)方法等Krylov子空间迭代方法的收敛速度.     

Impact Responses of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Based on the Membrane Factor Method北大核心CSCD

Aimed at the internal short circuit problem due to large deformation of the prismatic lithium-ion battery cell under impact loadings, a simplified battery model was first established. Then the motion equations of velocity and displacement based on the membrane factor method were proposed. With the effects of the face-sheet thickness and the densification region on the normalized final deflection, impact response characteristics of prismatic battery cells were investigated in detail. The results show that, the improved motion equations involving the membrane factor can reflect the dynamic response mechanisms of the prismatic battery cell under impact loadings, and the large deflection under high-speed impact can be predicted. With the increase of the face-sheet thickness, the deflection of the battery cell’s lower part decreases obviously. However, the densification region expands with the face-sheet thickness. The deflection and the densification region of the cell’s lower part both increase with the inner core density of the battery. This proposed impact model provides a theoretical guidance for the multi-functional integrated dynamic design of prismatic battery cells. © 2022 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.