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991.
M. I. Dykman D. G. Luchinsky R. Mannella P. V. E. McClintock N. D. Stein N. G. Stocks 《Il Nuovo Cimento D》1995,17(7-8):661-683
Summary We outline the historical development of stochastic resonance (SR), a phenomenon in which the signal and/or the signal-to-noise
ratio in a nonlinear system increase with increasing intensity of noise. We discuss basic theoretical ideas explaining and
describing SR, and we review some revealing experimental data that place SR within the wider context of statistical physics.
We emphasize the close relationship of SR to some effects that are well known in condensed-matter physics.
Paper presented at the International Workshop ?Fluctuations in Physics and Biology: Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing
and Related Phenomena?, Elba, 5–10 June 1994. 相似文献
992.
Approximation of a laminated microstructure for a rotationally invariant,double well energy density 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mitchell Luskin 《Numerische Mathematik》1996,75(2):205-221
Summary. We give error estimates for the approximation of a laminated microstructure which minimizes the energy for a rotationally invariant, double well energy density . We present error estimates for the convergence of the deformation in the convergence of directional derivatives of the deformation in the “twin planes,” the weak convergence of the deformation
gradient, the convergence of the microstructure (or Young measure) of the deformation gradients, and the convergence of nonlinear
integrals of the deformation gradient.
Received July 25, 1995 / Revised version received November 20, 1995 相似文献
993.
The behavior of zirconium atoms at the W(100) surface associated with oxygen adsorption at different sample temperatures has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and the relative change of the work function (Δф) measured by the onset of the secondary electron energy distribution. The results have revealed: (i) adsorption of zirconium onto the W(100) surface followed by the elevation of the sample temperature up to 1710 K in an oxygen partial pressure of 2.7 × 10−4 induces complete diffusion of zirconium atoms into the W(100) substrate; (ii) further exposure of oxygen induces co-existence of oxygen and tungsten on the surface at 1710 K, resulting in a work function of 4.37 eV; (iii) keeping the sample temperature at 1710 K, simple evacuation of the system has resulted in surface segregation of zirconium atoms to the surface to form a zirconium atomic layer on the top-most surface, reducing the work function to 2.7 eV. The results have revealed that this specific behavior of zirconium atoms at high temperature assures, with very good reproducibility, the highly stable performance and long service life of Zr---O/W(100)-emitters in practical use, even in a low vacuum of 10−6 Pa. 相似文献
994.
In proportion to the environmental pollution problems caused by organotin compounds, the genotoxicities of tin compounds in the environments have become of interest so as to estimate their safety in recent years. In this work, isolated λ-DNA (double-strand DNA) was incubated with inorganic tin(II) and tin(IV) and five organotin compounds [n-butyltin trichloride, di(n-butyltin) dichloride, methyltin trichloride, dimethyltin dichloride and trimethyltin chloride] in reaction systems both with and without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. The tin compounds tested in this study did not induce DNA breakage in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) and tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl4) caused DNA breakage in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM), and the DNA damage activity of inorganic tin was much more potent in divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) than in tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl4). Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) induced DNA breakage in a concentration-dependent fashion at concentrations greater than 0.1 mM of SnCl2 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM). DNA breakage was not caused by n-butyltin compounds and methyltin compounds either in the presence or in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
995.
Precipitate-forming chemical reactions have been studied in chemically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) gel medium. One of the reactive components was incorporated into the gel, the other was allowed to diffuse into it. Depending on the experimental conditions the reaction-diffusion process often results in patterns of different type. Experiments performed in tubes and in thin layers were carried out in order to investigate the effects of various factors (cross-linking density, swelling degree as well as the concentrations of the outer and inner electrolytes) on the morphologies of the precipitate patterns. It was found that precipitation occurs not only in the Liesegang bands, but also between bands. Beside Liesegang-type structures, tree-like patterns have been observed, showing a characteristic periodicity in the density profile obtained by digitalized image analyses. 相似文献
996.
双(十二烷基亚磺酰)乙烷溶剂萃取钯及其机理的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究用双(十二烷基亚磺酰)乙烷萃取钯的性能,在KI存在下从7mol/L盐酸介质中用含有BDSE的氯仿能定量萃取钯,有机的钯可被硫脲或氨溶液反萃继之用TMK-TritonX-100光度法测定,研究了萃取的最佳条件及干扰情况,斜率法测得萃合物组成为Pd:I:BDSE=1:2:1,红外光谱证实萃合物中BDSE的二个亚砜以硫原子与钯配位,萃合物为异位体络合物,提出了选择性萃取分离钯的新方法。 相似文献
997.
Summary.
We consider a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method
applied in time to a model Volterra equation of the second kind.
A residual-based computable
Galerkin-error estimate is derived
for .
This estimate does not explicitly
contain the time step and therefore the time step
control must be based
on a heuristic criterion, the estimate can then be used to
demonstrate the integrity, or otherwise, of the finite element
solution. After performing some numerical experiments
we conclude that this approach is at least competetive
with classical discretizations since it is
computationally simple to implement,
but has the added advantage of
reliable error feedback.
Received June 25, 1995 相似文献
998.
Glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, ethanol and urea concentrations were monitored simultaneously during the cultivation of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of enzyme field effect transistors (EnFETs) applying glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), maltase (MAL)/GDH, invertase (INV)/GDH, β-galactosidase (β-GAL)/galactosedehydrogenase (GALDH), alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH)/aldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH), and urease. These enzymes were (co)immobilized on the pH sensitive gates of an eight-FET array. The FET array was integrated in a commercial FIA system. 相似文献
999.
Michael Bildhauer 《manuscripta mathematica》1998,97(3):389-406
H?lder continuity up to the free boundary is proved for minimizing solutions if they meet the supporting surface in an angle
which is bounded away from zero. The problem is localized by proving the continuity of the distance function, a result which
is also true for stationary points.
Received: 14 April 1998 相似文献
1000.
本文讨论了在区域提纯过程中,研究液态金属流的表面张力时提出的一个带有非负参数Q的两点边值问题.利用上、下解方法和Schauder不动点定理,证明了当0Q851时,该问题至少有一个解,对已有结果0Q<1进行了重要的改进. 相似文献