Time resolution of the bunch-shape detector with a thin-wire emission target

The time resolution of a new bunch-length detector based on the radio frequency (RF) scanning of the produced secondary electrons is calculated. A dedicated Monte-Carlo code by means of SIMION software is developed for accurate simulation of spread in the investigated secondary electrons transit times and image width. In calculation the initial energy distribution of electrons and the actual structure of accelerating and focusing electric fields were considered. It is shown that by using a thin-wire emission target a femtosecond time precision could be achieved using moderate applied voltages.     

A semi-empirical approach to determine gamma activities in environmental cylindrical samples

A semi-empirical method to determine radionuclide concentrations in large environmental samples without the use of reference material and avoiding the typical complexity of Monte-Carlo codes is proposed. The calculation of full-energy peak efficiencies was carried out from a relative efficiency curve (obtained from the gamma spectra data), and the geometric (simulated by Monte-Carlo), absorption, sample and intrinsic efficiencies for energies between 130 and 3000 keV. The absorption and sample efficiencies were determined from the mass absorption coefficients, whereas the intrinsic efficiency was approximated by an empirical function. The deviations between calculated and experimental efficiencies for a reference material in most cases are less than 10%. Radionuclide activities in marine sediment samples calculated by the proposed method and by the experimental comparative method were not significantly different. This new method can be used for routine environmental monitoring when uncertainties up to 10% are acceptable.     

Monte-Carlo simulation of a compact gamma-ray detector using wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to a YAP scintillation crystal

The production and transportation of fluorescent light produced in wavelength-shifting fibers (WSFs) coupled to YAP scintillation crystal is simulated using the GEANT4 codes.An advantage of the wavelength-shifting fiber readout technique over a direct readout with a position-sensitive photo-sensor is the reduced requirement for position sensitive photomultiplier tube photocathode area.With this gamma-ray detector,the gamma camera is small and flexible and has larger effective field of view and low cost.Simulation results show that a) a mean 12 of photons per 59.5 keV gamma ray interaction is produced in the WSF located nearest to the incident gamma ray,and a spatial resolution of 3.6 mm FWHM is obtained,b)a mean 27 of photons per 140 keV gamma ray interaction is produced and a spatial resolution of 3.1 mm FWHM is obtained.Results demonstrate the feasibility of this concept of a compact gamma-ray detector based on wavelength-shifting fibers readout.However,since the very low photoelectron levels,it is very important to use a photon counting device with good single photo-electron response to readout the WSFs.     

Search for Higgs Boson in UHE Cosmic Rays

Considering the SM Higgs boson mass in the range of (95–235) GeV, we present here a mechanism for indirect searches of this scalar in UHE cosmic rays interactions. The mechanism is the decay of Higgs bosons which are produced through bubble formation due to vacuum excitation in an UHE cosmic rays interactions with air nuclei. We develop a model of hadronic interaction based on algorithms of the GENCL code of the UA5 experiment of CERN and some physics of CORSIKA code (Karlsruhe report), incorporating a fraction of energy transfer to bubble formation through vacuum excitation and subsequent multiparticle production via conversion of Higgs boson to heavy fermion pairs. Such events are expected to have high multiplicity and excess muons. This mechanism has significant effect starting from E _P 10¹⁸eV. It is found that the average muon number decreases gradually upto 175 GeV Higgs boson mass and remain practically constant thereafter for all primary energies (E _P) above 10¹⁸ eV and for all fractions of energy transfer (f _e 0.01–0.5). The fluctuation of muon multiplicity decreases with E _P and increases very slowly with Higgs mass upto 175 GeV, remaining practically invariant thereafter.     

低能N+注入植物种子射程分布的模拟计算

伴随着离子束生物技术的广泛应用, 国内许多单位开展了低能离子注入植物种子的实验研究. 其中关于低能离子注入植物种子诱变的物理机理, 集中在离子注入的深度-浓度分布上. 一些单位直接使用纵向非静态(LSS)理论和TRIM程序来计算低能离子注入植物种子的深度-浓度分布, 却发现计算结果与实验测量结果相差甚远. 所以在对植物种子靶材料进行处理和对LSS理论进行修正的基础上, 在二维近似情况下, 用蒙特卡罗方法分别模拟计算了200keV V⁺和20keV Ti⁺注入花生和棉花种子的射程分布, 得到了与实验结果较符合的曲线. 在此模型基础上, 计算了同样初始条件和理论计算模型下无法从实验上测量的N⁺注入植物种子的射程分布, 初步地为低能N⁺注入植物种子射程分布提供了一种理论计算方法.     

Temporal reflectance from a light pulse irradiated medium embedded with highly scattering cores

This paper presents a new approach to utilize ultrashort pulsed laser for optical diagnostics with numerical simulations. The method is based on the use of ultrafast pulses with a pulsewidth selected according to the probed medium's radiative property and/or size. Our previous work in nonhomogeneous media has shown that the resulting time-resolved reflectance signal will have a unique characteristic: it will show a direct correlation of ballistic photon travel time and interface location, which is in between different layers or nonhomogeneous regions. The premise is based on utilizing the medium's structural information carried by the ballistic and snake photons without being masked by the diffuse photons. In this study, the space-time correlation is further explored in the case of minimally scattered photons from a large scattering coefficient core region embedded within a less-scattering medium. Time-resolved reflectance signals of the single scattering core and multiple scattering cores within a three-dimensional medium demonstrate the concept and illustrate the additional effect due to the scattered photons from the core region. A unique temporal signal profile's correlation at various detector positions with respect to the scattering core is explained in detail. The result has important implications. This approach will lead to a much simpler and more precise determination of the probed medium's composition or structure. Due to the large computational requirement to obtain the physical details of the light pulse propagation inside highly scattering multi-dimensional media, the reverse Monte-Carlo method is used. The potential applications of the method include non-destructive diagnostics, optical imaging, and remote sensing of underwater objects.     

抽取信号的χ2分布拟合方法

BESⅡ上测量ψ(2S)辐射衰变时, 鉴于本底道的污染非常严重, 提出了一种抽取信号事例数的χ²拟合方法. 大量的蒙特卡罗模拟表明, 信号道与各个本底道的χ²分布形状各不相同. 这些特点提供了从数据的χ²分布中抽出信号道事例数的χ²拟合方法. 从蒙特卡罗模拟的结果来看, χ²拟合方法的误差小于2%.     

Adaptive extremal optimization by detrended fluctuation analysis

Global optimization is one of the key challenges in computational physics as several problems, e.g. protein structure prediction, the low-energy landscape of atomic clusters, detection of community structures in networks, or model-parameter fitting can be formulated as global optimization problems. Extremal optimization (EO) has become in recent years one particular, successful approach to the global optimization problem. As with almost all other global optimization approaches, EO is driven by an internal dynamics that depends crucially on one or more parameters. Recently, the existence of an optimal scheme for this internal parameter of EO was proven, so as to maximize the performance of the algorithm. However, this proof was not constructive, that is, one cannot use it to deduce the optimal parameter itself a priori. In this study we analyze the dynamics of EO for a test problem (spin glasses). Based on the results we propose an online measure of the performance of EO and a way to use this insight to reformulate the EO algorithm in order to construct optimal values of the internal parameter online without any input by the user. This approach will ultimately allow us to make EO parameter free and thus its application in general global optimization problems much more efficient.     

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS BASED ON DIRECTIONAL VECTOR SIMULATION TECHNIQUE

The new improved directional vector simulation method for analyzing the reliability of structural systems failure probability is researched. This paper also points out the defects of general directional vector simulation, and gives rise to a new higher accuracy approximate integral formula of structural systems failure probability. A new geometric meaning of characteristic function is obtained. A new simple method of generating uniformly distributed random vector samples inn-dimensional unit hyper-spherical surface is put forward and strictly proved. This method is easy to put into practice. Numerical examples are given to show the applicability and effectiveness of the suggested approach to structural systems reliability problems. Supported by Chinese Postdoctor Fund([1998]6, 23).     

蒙特卡罗方法计算定积分的进一步讨论

介绍了蒙特卡罗方法计算定积分的原理和方法.给出了用蒙特卡罗方法计算定积分的一个简单证明,从而揭示了蒙特卡罗方法和定积分定义间的内在联系.针对蒙特卡罗方法收敛慢的特点,提出将蒙特卡罗方法与相应的数值计算方法相结合,提高计算结果的精度.此外,将蒙特卡罗方法推广到反常积分上去.