Note on Monte Carlo methods without necessary detailed balance

Simple criteria for convergence of Monte Carlo algorithms not necessarily requiring detailed balance for any specified transition probability are derived and it is shown that it is possible to view the algorithm as a superimposition of a Brownian motion on configurational space coupled to the transition probabilities. As such, the error contributions due to a particular Monte Carlo algorithm and the integration limits in configuration space must be distinguished from those due to the nonuniform sampling of the Brownian motion, and criteria related to the number of steps required to distinguish these errors are provided for the simplest cases involving one dimension and symmetrical probability distributions.     

强流质子束辐照形成的冲击波

 对强流质子束在铝材料中引起的冲击波进行了数值模拟，其中强流质子束在铝中的能量沉积行为采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟，而能量的非均匀沉积后引起的力学效应采用一维流体弹塑性模型进行计算。计算给出了强流质子束在铝材料中的能量沉积曲线和引起的冲击波的时间演化规律。     

Research of processing techniques used in fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells and study of their selected properties

The processing techniques used in the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were studied. A fast, simple and convenient method of studying and fabricating SOFC was found. The properties of the single cell and the series stack of the SOFC were measured and studied. The maximum open voltage and short current density of the single cell are 1.18V and 360 mA/cm², respectively. And the maximum open voltage and short current density of the series stack of 7 cells are 7.30 and 400 mA/cm² respectively and the output power is about 2.0 w. Some simple applications were tried by using the SOFC series stack. Project supported by the National Plan Committee, Jilin Province Plan Committee, the National Natural Science Youth Fund Committee, Jilin Province Youth Science Fund Committee and the General Company of Transport and Energy of Jilin Province.     

高阶剪切变形板理论K■rm■n型方程及在热后屈曲分析中的应用

本文基于Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论导出Karman型非线性大挠度方程并用于层合板热后屈曲分析．分析中计及板初始几何缺陷和热效应．给出了四边简支．对称正交铺设层合板在均匀或非均匀抛物型热分布作用下的后屈曲分析．采用摄动-Galerkin混合法确定板的热屈曲载荷与热后屈曲平衡路径．同时讨论了横向剪切变形，板长宽比，铺层数以及初始几何缺陷等各种参数变化的影响．     

医学图像归档与通信系统的设计方案

分析与综述了医学图像归档与通信系统（PictureArchivingandCommunicationSystem，简称PACS的研究状况，提出了适用于国内医院的PACS设计方案，并对建立国内PACS的著于问题进行了探讨．实践表明该系统设计合理，通用性强，适合国内医院现代化管理的要求．     

Investigation of the three-dimensional microstructure of Cu-Sn(Pb) diffusion zones by means of ion beam sputtering, scanning electron microscopy and lattice source interferences

On model substances of Cu-Sn(Pb) solders it is shown by the combined use of several physical analytical methods that the intermetallic compounds formed during the annealing process have a crystalline structure, which can be observed also three-dimensionally by ion etching. Moreover, grain boundaries as well as phases become visible, and it is possible to determine the crystallographic orientation of the individual crystals in the Cu starting material and in the diffusion zones by means of the Kossel technique. As a result of the investigations, conclusions can be drawn with respect to the diffusion process, especially also to the crystallographic structure of the diffusion zones and the dendritic growth.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

攀登伪蒙特卡罗积分法在Sobolev和Korobov空间中的随机化误差

攀登伪蒙特卡罗积分法是由伪蒙特卡罗与蒙特卡罗方法混合而成的一种新方法，它体现了两者的优点．本文研究这种积分法在Sobolev空间和Korobov空间中的随机化误差．我们证明攀登(λ，t，m，s)-网积分法在这两个空间中的随机化误差的渐近阶为n^3/2[logn]^(s-1)/2。     

一类重尾风险因子的模拟及其投资高风险值和置信区间的估计

由于金融市场中的日周期或短周期对数回报率的样本数据多数呈现胖尾分布，于是现有的正态或对数正态分布模型都在不同程度上失效，为了准确模拟这种胖尾分布和提高投资风险估计及金融管理，本文引进了一种可根据实际金融市场数据作出调正的蒙特卡洛模拟方法．这个方法可以有效地复制金融产品价格的日周期对数回报率数据的胖尾分布．结合非参数估计方法，利用该模拟方法还得到投资高风险值以及高风险置信区间的准确估计。     

教学中运用现代信息技术必须遵循的原则

近年来随着现代教育的发展，现代信息技术在教学中受到重视，但也存在一些误区。本文指出了在教学中运用现代信息技术存在的问题，并提出了应遵循的原则。     

Sol-Gel Preparation and Raman Characterization of CdTiO3

Cadmium titanate (CdTiO₃) has been prepared by a room-temperature sol-gel technique. The powders were characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction. Samples treated at 800°C give rise only to the ilmenite-like phase, but, after a treatment at 1100°C for about four hours, the orthorhombic perovskite is the only crystalline phase observed. The Raman spectrum of the perovskite phase is reported for the first time and that of the ilmenite phase is compared with the spectrum of CdTiO₃ bulk crystals. The effects of the starting stoichiometry on the purity of the final phases, relative to the presence of TiO₂ (anatase and rutile) or CdO, are investigated.