A Locally-Biased form of the DIRECT Algorithm

In this paper we propose a form of the DIRECT algorithm that is strongly biased toward local search. This form should do well for small problems with a single global minimizer and only a few local minimizers. We motivate our formulation with some results on how the original formulation of the DIRECT algorithm clusters its search near a global minimizer. We report on the performance of our algorithm on a suite of test problems and observe that the algorithm performs particularly well when termination is based on a budget of function evaluations.     

A Platform Approach to Protein Encapsulates with Controllable Surface Chemistry

The encapsulation of proteins into core-shell structures is a widely utilised strategy for controlling protein stability, delivery and release. Despite the recognised utility of these microstructures, however, core-shell fabrication routes are often too costly or poorly scalable to allow for industrial translation. Furthermore, many scalable routes rely upon emulsion-techniques implicating denaturing or environmentally harmful organic solvents. Herein, we investigate core-shell protein encapsulation through single-feed, aqueous spray drying: a cheap, industrially ubiquitous particle-formation technology in the absence of organic solvents. We show that an excipient’s preference for the surface of the spray dried particle is well-predicted by its hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) under relevant feed buffer conditions (pH and ionic strength) and that the predictive power of Dh is improved when measured at the spray dryer outlet temperature compared to room temperature (R2 = 0.64 vs. 0.59). Lastly, we leverage these findings to propose an adaptable design framework for fabricating core-shell protein encapsulates by single-feed aqueous spray drying.     

Finite element modelling of anisotropic elastic–viscoplastic behaviour of metals

An implementation of the unified theory of visco-plasticity of Bodner in a three-dimensional finite element program for the analysis of anisotropic inelastic behaviour of selected metals is presented in this paper. A derivation of an effective hardening parameter for the anisotropic (directional) deformation state is also given in this paper using some basic assumptions introduced by Bodner. The effect of the imposed strain rate on the level of the stress–strain curve is also investigated. A comparison of the results of the present finite element model with some published theoretical and experimental results for pure titanium and 2024-T4 aluminium alloy is also made.     

Instantaneous Formulation for Transitions Between Two Instantaneous Bound States and Its Gauge Invariance

We have precisely derived a ＂rigorous instantaneous formulation＂ for transitions between two bound states when the bound states are well-described by instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter （BS） equation （i.e. the kernel of the equation is instantaneous ＂occasionally＂）. The obtained rigorous instantaneous formulation, in fact, is expressed as an operator sandwiched by two ＂reduced BS wave functions＂ properly, while the reduced BS wave functions appearing in the formulation are the rigorous solutions of the instantaneous BS equation, and they may relate to Schroedinger wave functions straightforwardly. We also show that the rigorous instantaneous formulation is gauge-invariant with respect to the Uem（1） transformation precisely, if the concerned transitions are radiative. Some applications of the formulation are outlined.     

黑白摄影中化学药品的使用

本文分析了黑白摄影中化学药品的性能,阐述了pH、温度、浓度、搅动方法对这些药品功效的影响,研究了药品失效的原因及保护措施,并根据自己的实践,提出了修改配方的化学方法,以及改进影调的物理措施。     

Geometrically non-linear analysis of arbitrary elastic supported plates and shells using an element-based Lagrangian shell element

In the present paper, the ELF (element-based Lagrangian formulation) 9-node ANS (assumed natural strain) shell element was combined with the spring element for geometrically non-linear analysis of plates and shells sustained by arbitrary elastic edge supports that are subjected to variation in loading.This particular spring element serves as tool for modeling an arbitrary elastic edge support with 6 DOF (degrees of freedom). The elastic edge support was modeled by combining different spring models. The ANS method was used to overcome shear and membrane locking problems inherent in some thin plate and shell problems. In the formulation of the ELF characteristic arrays, the expression of element strains was adopted in the framework of the element natural coordinates. The non-linear analysis results of idealized edge supports were validated against the reference solutions available in the literature. As a result of the numerical test, the combination of the ELF 9-node shell element and spring element shows an exceptional performance for non-linear analysis of plates and shells under elastic edge supports.     

Mixed formulation of the two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic equations of the ocean

In this article, we propose a mixed variational formulation for the streamfunction vorticity potential form for the two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic model of the ocean. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the mixed variational problem. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 15: 489–502, 1999     

The steady isothermal spinning of viscoelastic fluids

The flow problem given in the title has been considered for a modified Maxwell fluid. The resulting spin line equation is solved both numerically and analytically. It has been found that the results obtained by the above two methods are in agreement. This confirms the accuracy of the perturbation method which we adopted.     

整体柱-金复合基底的制备及其在色素SERS检测的应用

研究工作主要以多孔整体柱材料作为SERS基底,赤藓红作为研究对象,通过调整不同实验条件获得最佳SERS增强效果,其中包括体系酸碱度及混合时间等,最终选取了最佳pH值5.06,混合时间25 min。对比了其与传统金胶基底的增强效果,利用该实验条件将整体柱基底应用于SERS检测色素赤藓红,对不同浓度的赤藓红样品进行SERS检测,对赤藓红的的检测限可达到0.1 μg·mL-1。该方法利用了金纳米粒子在整体柱介孔材料的有效负载,形成的结构有利用SERS信号的增强,并且具有制作简单,稳定性好等特点,为SERS技术应用于违禁添加色素的快速筛查提供了有利的理论基础。     

Stability and Large Deformation Behavior of Nonsymmetrically Loaded Cylindrical Membranes*

ABSTRACT

Relatively high-profile circularly cylindrical extensible weightless inflatables subjected to uniform vertical, unsymmetrically applied line loads are treated. Load deflection and load path plots for these structures, undergoing very large deflections, are obtained and the effect of initial geometry and load “eccentricity” on deflection and stability behavior is investigated. Predictions obtained from numerical solution of the governing equations are verified against extensive experimental data obtained from tests on a specially designed small-scale model which, together with the test procedure, is briefly described.