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81.
《Electroanalysis》2004,16(4):268-274
An amperometric method for the determination of the neurotoxic amino acid β‐N‐oxalyl‐L ‐α,β‐diaminopropionic acid (β‐ODAP) using a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is reported. The electrode material was bulk‐modified with manganese dioxide and used as a detector in flow injection analysis (FIA). The enzyme glutamate oxidase (GlOx) was immobilized in a Nafion‐film on the electrode surface. The performance of the biosensor was optimized using glutamate as an analyte. Optimum parameters were found as: operational potential 440 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), flow rate 0.2 mL min?1, and carrier composition 0.1 mol L?1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.75). The same conditions were used for the determination of β‐ODAP. The signal was linear within the concentration range 53–855 μmol L?1 glutamate and 195–1950 μmol L?1 β‐ODAP. Detection limits (as 3σ value) for both analytes were 9.12 and 111.0 μmol L?1, respectively, with corresponding relative standard deviations of 3.3 and 4.5%. The biosensor retained more than 73% of its activity after 40 days of on‐line use. 相似文献
82.
The preconcentration and voltammetric behavior of BiIII on a sodium humate modified carbon paste electrode was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). The proposed measurement involves an initial nonelectrolytic preconcentration step in which BiIII is complexed by the surface modifier in a solution of 0.05 M KNO3-0.0106 M HNO3 (pH 2.0) and a subsequent electrochemical scan step in which the preconcentrated BiIII was reduced and then oxidized promptly in supporting electrolyte of 0.5 M HNO3. The resulting DPSV anodic current was proportional to the concentration of BiIII ion over the range of 4.78 × 10−8–1.44 × 10−5 M. The detection limit was 4.78 × 10−8 M. The proposed method was used to determine bismuth in various samples. Various factors affecting the electrode behavior were also investigated at the same time. 相似文献
83.
Electrochemical behavior of cerium hexacyanoferrate (CeHCF) incorporated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) modified GC electrode is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical techniques. The CeHCF/MWNT/GC electrode showed potent electrocatalytic activity toward the electrochemical oxidation of tryptophan in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) with a diminution of the overpotential of 240 mV. The anodic peak currents increased linearly with the concentration of tryptophan in the range of 2.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10−8 M (at a S/N = 3). And the determination of tryptophan in pharmaceutical samples was satisfactory. 相似文献
84.
85.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at cobalt hexacyanoferrate- modified glassy carbon, Pt and Au electrodes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine has been studied on glassy carbon, Pt and Au electrodes modified by cobalt hexacyanoferrate
(CoHCF) using cyclic voltammetry and rotating disc techniques. It has been shown that the oxidation of hydrazine to nitrogen
occurs at the potential coinciding with that of Co(II) to Co(III) transformation in a CoHCF film, where no oxidation signal
is observed at a bare glassy carbon electrode. A Tafel plot, derived from RDE voltammograms, exhibits a slope of 150 mV, indicating
a one-electron charge transfer process to be the rate-limiting step. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the modified electrode
towards hydrazine oxidation depends on solution pH, and the optimum range was found to be located between pH 5 and pH 7. The
kinetic behaviour and location of the electrocatalytic process were examined using the W.J. Albery diagnosis table, and it
was concluded that the reaction has either a “surface” or a “layer” reaction mechanism. Pt- and Au-CoHCF-modified electrodes
show no significant electrocatalytic activity towards hydrazine oxidation.
Received: 25 April 1997 / Accepted: 12 August 1997 相似文献
86.
87.
The electrocatalytic oxidation of cephalexin and cefazolin has been studied at a carbon paste electrode modified with cobalt salophen (CoSal) by cyclic voltammetry. The selectivity of the carbon paste modified with CoSal in detecting cephalexin and cefazolin was examined. To suggest the electrocatalytic mechanism for electro-oxidation of cefazolin, the electrochemical behavior of ceftriaxone was investigated which has a thiol group out of the beta lactam ring. The electrocatalytic oxidation of these antibiotics is shown to be irreversible at the CoSal modified electrode. Scan rate dependence of cefazolin, which is a sulfur-containing compound, has been examined. The results indicated that the electrocatalytic oxidation of the compounds is diffusion controlled. The responses of the modified electrode were compared with those of unmodified electrode and it has shown that the modified electrode has better sensitivity than unmodified electrode to the detection of cefazolin. The overall number of electrons contributed to the oxidation of cefazolin is obtained 1 by chronoamperometry; the number of electron involved in the rate-determining step was 1. The results of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using the modified electrode with high sensitivity were applied for the determination of cefazolin in human synthetic serum samples. The linear range was obtained from 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3 M for DPV determination of cefazolin in buffered solutions (pH 3.0). 相似文献
88.
The L-dopa is the immediate precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Unlike dopamine, L-dopa easily enters the central nervous system and is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. A sensitive and selective method is presented for the voltammetric determination of L-dopa in pharmaceutical formulations using a carbon paste electrode modified with trinuclear ruthenium ammine complex [(NH3)5RuIIIORuIV(NH3)4ORuIII(NH3)5]6+ (Ru-red) incorporated in NaY zeolite. The parameters which influence on the electrode response (paste composition, potential scan rate, pH and interference) were also investigated. The optimum conditions were found to an electrode composition (m/m) of 25% zeolite containing 6.7% Ru, 50% graphite and 25% mineral oil in acetate buffer at pH 4.8. Voltammetric peak currents showed a linear response for L-dopa concentration in the range between 1.2×10−4 and 1.0×10−2 mol l−1 (r=0.9988) with a detection limit of 8.5×10−5 mol l−1. The variation coefficient for a 1.0×10−3 mol l−1 L-dopa (n=10) was 5.5%. The results obtained for L-dopa in pharmaceutical formulations (tablet) was in agreement with compared official method. In conclusion, this study has illustrated that the proposed electrode modified with Ru-red incorporated zeolite is suitable valuable for selective measurements of L-dopa. 相似文献
89.
有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液合成方法及胶膜性能的研究 总被引:59,自引:0,他引:59
用一次投料法、单体乳液滴加法和引发剂滴加法有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液,聚合过程、胶粒形态及乳液稳定性的观测结果表明:单体乳液滴加法是合成该类乳液的最佳方法,研究了单体乳液滴加法中有机硅含量与聚合反及胶膜性能的关系,结果表明:有机硅含量在15%以下时,聚合反应可以顺利进行,胶膜性能不仅依赖于聚合时有机硅单体的总量,而且还依赖于有机硅单体中活性硅氧烷所占的比例。 相似文献
90.
An ultramicro pH sensor has been constructed based on a thin polyaniline film that was electrochemically deposited onto a carbon fiber nanometer-size electrode. The substrate nanoelectrodes were fabricated using ion-beam conically etched carbon fibers with tip diameters ranging ca. from 100 to 500 nm. The polyaniline film was deposited from HCl solution containing the aniline monomer by cycling the potential between −0.2 and +1.0 V. The electromotive force (emf) signal between the pH sensitive polyaniline-coated nanoelectrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode was linear over the pH range of 2.0-12.5 with a slightly super-Nernstian slope of ca. −60 mV/pH unit. Response times ranged from several sec at pHs around 7 up to 2 min at pH 12.5. The proposed pH nanoelectrode displayed high ion selectivity with respect to K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Li+, with log KH,M values around −12 and has a working lifetime of about 20 days. Key parameters important for the pH nanoelectrode performance, including polyaniline film preparation, selectivity, response time, temperature dependence, relative coating thickness, stability, and reproducibility, have been characterized and optimized. The performance of the pH nanoelectrode was examined by measuring the pH of several real samples including body fluids (serum, urine) and low ionic strength water samples (rain, deionized and tap water). The results agreed very well with those obtained by using commercial glass pH electrodes. The proposed pH nanoelectrode demonstrated attractive properties and seems particularly promising for use under physiological conditions. 相似文献