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1.
We discuss an error estimation procedure for the global error of collocation schemes applied to solve singular boundary value problems with a singularity of the first kind. This a posteriori estimate of the global error was proposed by Stetter in 1978 and is based on the idea of Defect Correction, originally due to Zadunaisky. Here, we present a new, carefully designed modification of this error estimate which not only results in less computational work but also appears to perform satisfactorily for singular problems. We give a full analytical justification for the asymptotical correctness of the error estimate when it is applied to a general nonlinear regular problem. For the singular case, we are presently only able to provide computational evidence for the full convergence order, the related analysis is still work in progress. This global estimate is the basis for a grid selection routine in which the grid is modified with the aim to equidistribute the global error. This procedure yields meshes suitable for an efficient numerical solution. Most importantly, we observe that the grid is refined in a way reflecting only the behavior of the solution and remains unaffected by the unsmooth direction field close to the singular point. 相似文献
2.
根据生产任务选择加工设备进行制造资源重组是实现可重构制造系统的关键问题之一,由于设备的选择涉及到多种因素,既有定量指标,又有定性指标,传统的依靠人工经验的方法显得力不从心。本文首先结合实际情况,提出了一套设备选择评价体系,通过对模糊判断矩阵采用最小对数二乘法确定各评价因素的权重系数,针对定性指标和定量指标采用不同的方法确定其性能指标值,通过模糊积分对评判指标进行综合评判,最后进行了实例研究。所提出的方法有效地简化了决策过程,为可重构制造系统设备选择提供了一套行之有效的方法。 相似文献
3.
When an organization solves a portfolio problem with public projects evaluated by multiple criteria, in which the economic dimension is not essential or not well characterized, the classical methods are not useful. We propose a non-linear preference model developed from normative Value Theory and using fuzzy sets to model some sources of imprecision. This model can be considered as a generalization of the classical approaches. However, the optimization problem is very complex in order to be solved with non-linear programming techniques. Therefore, the model is exploited by an evolutionary algorithm, able to achieve a strong improvement of the quality of solution. 相似文献
4.
Signed graphs for portfolio analysis in risk management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Harary Frank; Lim Meng-Hiot; Wunsch Donald C. 《IMA Journal of Management Mathematics》2002,13(3):201-210
We introduce the notion of structural balance for signed graphsin the context of portfolio analysis. A portfolio of securitiescan be represented as a signed graph with the nodes denotingthe securities and the edges representing the correlation betweenthe securities. With signed graphs, the characteristics of aportfolio from a risk management perspective can be uncoveredfor analysis purposes. It is shown that a portfolio characterizedby a signed graph of positive and negative edges that is structurallybalanced is characteristically more predictable. Investors whoundertake a portfolio position with all positively correlatedsecurities do so with the intention to speculate on the upside(or downside). If the portfolio consists of negative edges andis balanced, then it is likely that the position has a hedgingdisposition within it. On the other hand, an unbalanced signedgraph is representative of an investment portfolio which ischaracteristically unpredictable. 相似文献
5.
The paper deals with the riskiness analysis for a large portfolio of life annuities. By means of the limiting distribution of the present value of the portfolio, in the first part of the paper a model for evaluating the investment and the projection risks is presented. In the second part, with regard to the investment risk's effects, the insolvency risk is measured considering the cumulative probability distribution function of the discounted average cost per policy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
从决策有限理性角度,引入行为金融理论于机构投资风险优化系统,对多心理账户条件下机构投资的风险优化设计进行了研究。以Friedman和Savage之谜为释例,对机构投资风险优化中的诸多非标准金融异像进行了解释。以Shefrin和Statman行为证券组合理论为核心,建立了多心理账户条件下机构投资的风险优化模型,为机构投资的风险优化实践提供了一种量化分析工具。 相似文献
7.
数码相机CMOS图像传感器的特性参数与选择 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了数码相机的核心器件———CMOS图像传感器的特性参数和在数码相机设计过程中CMOS图像传感器的选择。选择CMOS图像传感器,不仅需要考虑包括传感器的尺寸、像素总数和有效像素数、最小照度、动态范围、灵敏度、分辨力、光电响应不均匀性以及光谱响应等在内的特性参数,而且还要考虑电源管理和功耗、模数转换位数、开发的简便性以及成本等因素。 相似文献
8.
Most of the methods used in the ARCH literature for selecting the appropriate model are based on evaluating the ability of the models to describe the data. An alternative model selection approach is examined based on the evaluation of the predictability of the models in terms of standardized prediction errors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Hidetoshi Shimodaira 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1997,49(3):395-410
The asymptotic error probability of Linhart's model selection test isevaluated, and compared with the nominal significance level. We examine thecase where the expected discrepancies of the candidate models from the truemodel are asymptotically equal. The local alternatives method is employed inthe limiting operation of the asymptotic evaluation. Although the errorprobability under the null hypothesis is actually shown to be equal to orless than the level for most situations, intolerable violations of the errorcontrol are observed for nested models: It is often erroneously concludedthat the smaller model is significantly better than the larger model. Toprevent this violation, a modification of Linhart's test statistic isproposed. The effectiveness of the proposed test is confirmed throughtheoretical analysis and numerical simulations. 相似文献
10.
Consider a portfolio containing heterogeneous risks. The premiums of the policyholders might not cover the amount of the payments which an insurance company pays the policyholders. When setting the premium, this risk has to be taken into consideration. On the other hand the premium that the insured pays has to be fair. This fairness is measured by a function of the difference between the risk and the premium paid—we call this function a distance function. For a given small probability of insolvency, we find the premium for each class, such that the distance function is minimized. Next we formulate and solve the dual problem, which is minimizing the insolvency probability under the constraint that the distance function does not exceed a given level. This paper generalizes a previous paper [Zaks, Y., Frostig, E., Levikson, B., 2006. Optimal pricing of a heterogeneous portfolio for a given risk level. Astin Bull. 36 (1), 161–185] where only a square distance function was considered. 相似文献