全文获取类型
收费全文 | 327篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
数学 | 288篇 |
物理学 | 38篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 53篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有342条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
The paper reports on the design and validation argument for classroom assessments within a digital diagnostic assessment system built on learning trajectories (LTs). It consists of a learning map of nine big ideas, 25 relational learning clusters, and 62 LTs for grades 6−8 mathematics. Students take cluster assessments, and teachers use the data to adapt instruction. An ongoing validation process is presented with data for an algebra cluster. Validation among practitioners, learning scientists, and psychometricians is conceptualized as examining and adjusting inter-level, intra-level, and construct-irrelevant variation in measures of item difficulty and deploying item response theory modeling followed by sequential regressions. Using data from 37,000 assessments collected over three years at 3 middle schools, 167 potentially non-conforming items of the 676 calibrated items (24 %) were identified and revised. The paper discusses how the trajectories and map were refined through a combination of data analysis and feedback from practitioners. 相似文献
152.
《Expositiones Mathematicae》2022,40(4):994-1013
We use the complex square root to define a very simple homotopic invariant over the non-vanishing functions defined on the circle. As a consequence we provide easy proofs of the plane Brouwer fixed point theorem and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. The relation of this new invariant with the winding number and the Brouwer degree will be fully unveiled. 相似文献
153.
154.
This article presents secondary students’ generalizations about the connections between algebraic and graphical representations of quadratic functions, focusing specifically on the roles of the parameters a, b, and c in the general form of a quadratic function, y = ax2 + bx + c. Students’ generalizations about these connections led to a surprising finding: two-thirds of the students interviewed identified the parameter a as the “slope” of the parabola. Analysis of qualitative data from interviews and classroom observations led to the development of three focusing phenomena in the classroom environment that inadvertently supported a focus on slope-like properties of quadratic functions: (a) the use of linear analogies, (b) the rise over run method, and (c) viewing a as dynamic rather than static. 相似文献
155.
156.
《Optimization》2012,61(3):211-267
The family of network optimization problems includes the following prototype models: assignment, critical path, max flow, shortest path, and transportation. Although it is long known that these problems can be modeled as linear programs (LP), this is generally not done. Due to the relative inefficiency and complexity of the simplex methods (primal, dual, and other variations) for network models, these problems are usually treated by one of over 100 specialized algorithms. This leads to several difficulties. The solution algorithms are not unified and each algorithm uses a different strategy to exploit the special structure of a specific problem. Furthermore, small variations in the problem, such as the introduction of side constraints, destroys the special structure and requires modifying andjor restarting the algorithm. Also, these algorithms obtain solution efficiency at the expense of managerial insight, as the final solutions from these algorithms do not have sufficient information to perform postoptimality analysis. Another approach is to adapt the simplex to network optimization problems through network simplex. This provides unification of the various problems but maintains all the inefficiencies of simplex, as well as, most of the network inflexibility to handle changes such as side constraints. Even ordinary sensitivity analysis (OSA), long available in the tabular simplex, has been only recently transferred to network simplex. This paper provides a single unified algorithm for all five network models. The proposed solution algorithm is a variant of the self-dual simplex with a warm start. This algorithm makes available the full power of LP perturbation analysis (PA) extended to handle optimal degeneracy. In contrast to OSA, the proposed PA provides ranges for which the current optimal strategy remains optimal, for simultaneous dependent or independent changes from the nominal values in costs, arc capacities, or suppliesJdemands. The proposed solution algorithm also facilitates incorporation of network structural changes and side constraints. It has the advantage of being computationally practical, easy for managers to understand and use, and provides useful PA information in all cases. Computer implementation issues are discussed and illustrative numerical examples are provided in the Appendix 相似文献
157.
Lai Chunhui 《东北数学》1994,(3)
Quasi-range-preservingOperatorLaiChunhui(赖春晖)(DepartmentofMathematics,ZhangzhouTeachers,College,ZhangzhouFujian,363000)Abstra... 相似文献
158.
159.
德摩根拓扑代数可度量化的一个充分条件 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
得出德摩根拓扑代数可度量化的一个充分条件 ,其结果将经典 Urysohn度量化定理以及模糊度量化定理作为其特例 相似文献
160.