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111.
Solvent effects on the dielectric dispersion of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-poly(ethylene glycol) blends
The complex relative dielectric function , loss tangent , complex electric modulus and alternating current electrical conductivity dispersion behaviour of liquid poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-poly(ethylene glycol)
(PVP–PEG) blends in water, ethyl alcohol and 1,4–dioxane solvent over the entire volume mixture concentration range has been
investigated in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 1 MHz at 25 °C. The PVP–PEG blends show the dielectric dispersion corresponding
to the micro-Brownian motion of the PVP chain in the upper frequency region, whereas in the lower frequency region, dielectric
dispersion is due to ionic conduction and electrode polarization phenomena. Results show that the conductivity values of these
blends in water and dioxane can be monitored with the change in the solvent concentration, whereas it has a small variation
with ethyl alcohol concentration. The comparative dielectric dispersion shape study confirms that the chain dynamics of polymers
blend is influenced by heterogeneous interactions and solvent polar strength. 相似文献
112.
Flocculation of dilute titanium dioxide suspensions by graft cationic polyelectrolytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The flocculation of a dilute titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspension using homopolymers and graft copolymers of acrylamide (AM) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) was
investigated. The graft copolymers produced by γ-irradiating the mixtures of polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyDADMAC gave better
flocculating performance than homopolymers, reflecting the higher fractions of large particles and bigger floc size. A kinetic
delay in the onset of flocculation was observed after adding the copolymers in the dose range 5–30 [mg polymer]/ [g TiO2]. Increasing dosage resulted in a longer delay period. No significant flocculation was observed when the dose was above 50
[mg polymer]/[g TiO2]. This delay was interpreted in terms of the re-conformation of polymer chains driven by charge neutralization, between the
positively charged polymer branches and the negative particle surface. Depending on the dosage used, the flocculation behavior
of the graft copolymer has been suggested to be equilibrium and non-equilibrium flocculation. It was also observed that re-conformation
is not affected by the ion strength of the media, but a strong shear force significantly reduces the chain reconformation
time.
Received: 9 April 1998 Accepted in revised form: 28 August 1998 相似文献
113.
Graph-based causal inference has recently been successfully applied to explore system reliability and to predict failures in order to improve systems. One popular causal analysis following Pearl and Spirtes et al. to study causal relationships embedded in a system is to use a Bayesian network (BN). However, certain causal constructions that are particularly pertinent to the study of reliability are difficult to express fully through a BN. Our recent work demonstrated the flexibility of using a Chain Event Graph (CEG) instead to capture causal reasoning embedded within engineers’ reports. We demonstrated that an event tree rather than a BN could provide an alternative framework that could capture most of the causal concepts needed within this domain. In particular, a causal calculus for a specific type of intervention, called a remedial intervention, was devised on this tree-like graph. In this paper, we extend the use of this framework to show that not only remedial maintenance interventions but also interventions associated with routine maintenance can be well-defined using this alternative class of graphical model. We also show that the complexity in making inference about the potential relationships between causes and failures in a missing data situation in the domain of system reliability can be elegantly addressed using this new methodology. Causal modelling using a CEG is illustrated through examples drawn from the study of reliability of an energy distribution network. 相似文献
114.
With a high-resolution 1H-NMR the features of solution-SBRs chain structures have been analyzed and made quantitative calculations of the chemical composites, inparticular, the contents of butadiene isomers have been made. It is reveal that the Bayer solution-SBR, whose performance is highly recognized inthe tire industry, has a high content of cis-1,4 butadiene isomers, allow content of trans-1,4 butadiene isomers, and a medium contents of 1,2add butadiene isomers and styrene units, as well as that the butadiene isomers display orderly characteristics in the sequence. The above structural features determine that Bayer solution-SBR can play good role in the balance of the low heat building up, antiwetskip and antiwear properties of green tire. 相似文献
115.
Probabilistic programming is an area of research that aims to develop general inference algorithms for probabilistic models expressed as probabilistic programs whose execution corresponds to inferring the parameters of those models. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic programming language (PPL) based on abductive logic programming for performing inference in probabilistic models involving categorical distributions with Dirichlet priors. We encode these models as abductive logic programs enriched with probabilistic definitions and queries, and show how to execute and compile them to boolean formulas. Using the latter, we perform generalized inference using one of two proposed Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms: an adaptation of uncollapsed Gibbs sampling from related work and a novel collapsed Gibbs sampling (CGS). We show that CGS converges faster than the uncollapsed version on a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) task using synthetic data. On similar data, we compare our PPL with LDA-specific algorithms and other PPLs. We find that all methods, except one, perform similarly and that the more expressive the PPL, the slower it is. We illustrate applications of our PPL on real data in two variants of LDA models (Seed and Cluster LDA), and in the repeated insertion model (RIM). In the latter, our PPL yields similar conclusions to inference with EM for Mallows models. 相似文献
116.
Pseudo‐Isomerism by Different Jahn‐Teller Ordering: Crystal Structures of the Hemihydrate and the Monohydrate of (pyH)[MnF(H2PO4)(HPO4)] With pyridinium counter cations (pyH+) the MnIII fluoride phosphate anion [MnF(H2PO4)(HPO4)]— can be stabilized. It forms a chain structure with Mn3+ ions bridged by a fluoride ion and two bidentate phosphate groups. Under sleightly differing conditions either the hemihydrate (pyH)[MnF(H2PO4)(HPO4)]·0.5H2O ( 1 ) or the monohydrate (pyH)[MnF(H2PO4)(HPO4)]·H2O ( 2 ) is formed. The hemihydrate 1 crystallizes monoclinic in space group P21/n, Z = 8, a = 7.295(1), b = 17.052(2), c = 18.512(3) Å, β = 100.78(1)°, R = 0.033, the monohydrate triclinic in space group P1¯, Z = 2, a = 7.374(1), b = 8.628(1), c = 10.329(1) Å, α = 83.658(8)°, β = 77.833(9)°, γ = 68.544(8)°, R = 0.025. Whereas the topology of the chain anions is identical in both structures, the Jahn‐Teller effect is expressed in different ordering patterns: in 1 antiferrodistortive ordering of [MnF2O4] octahedra is observed, with alternating elongation of an F—Mn—F‐axis or a O—Mn—O‐axis, respectively. This leads to asymmetrical Mn—F—Mn‐bridges. In 2 ferrodistortive ordering is found, with elongation of all octahedra along the F—Mn—F‐axis. Thus, symmetrical bridges are formed with long Mn—F distances. This unusual pseudo‐isomerism is attributed to the differing influence of inter‐chain hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
117.
New Insight into Competition between Decomposition Pathways of Hydroperoxymethyl Formate in Low Temperature DME Oxidation 下载免费PDF全文
Hydroperoxymethyl formate is a crucial intermediate formed during the low-temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether. The decomposition pathways of HOOCH2OCHO were calculated at QCISD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The temperature- and pressure-dependent rate constants are computed using microcanonical variational transition state theory coupled with the RRKM/master equation calculations. The calculations show that a pathway leads to the formation of formic acid and a Criegee intermediate does exist, besides the direct dissociation channel to OH and OCH2OCHO radicals. However, formation of the Criegee intermediate has never been considered as an intermediate in dimethyl ether combustion before. The computed rate constants indicate that the newly confirmed pathway is competitive to the direct dissociation route and it is promising to reduce the low-temperature oxidation reactivity. Also electronic effect of groups, e.g. -CHO and O atom, is taken into account. Moreover, Hirshfeld atomic charge and natural bond order analysis are performed to explain this phenomenon from a perspective of chemical nature. 相似文献
118.
由唐敖庆、沈家骢、汤心颐、陈欣芳和颜德岳署名,题为“高分子缩聚、加聚和交联反应的统计理论”的课题荣获国家第四届自然科学二等奖,本文将就此课题的基本内容做一简要的评述。 相似文献
119.
一类具有红灯环境下随机游动的极限性态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
就某类红灯随机环境下随机游动{Xn}n∈Z ,建立相应的Markov-双链{ηn}n∈Z ={(Xn,Tn)}n∈Z ;并给出在该红灯环境下,{Xn}n∈Z 的发展受红灯环境影响的关系式;以及由此关系式得出:由于红灯环境的影响减缓了{Xn}n∈Z 的发展速度. 相似文献
120.
用激光光散射和粘度法研究了一系列窄分子量分布的新的手性甲壳型液晶聚合物P1~P6的溶液行为及其链刚性.研究发现四氢呋喃是聚合物P1~P6的良溶剂.在四氢呋喃溶液中,聚合物P1~P6的特性粘数[η]和均方根旋转半径z12对重均分子量Mw的依赖关系分别是[η]=(2.75±0.05)×10-3Mw0.78±0.02和z12=(1.53±0.04)×10-2Mw0.60±0.01.按照YamakawaFujiiYoshizaki蠕虫状圆筒模型的粘度理论和BohdaneckyBushin表达式,求得聚合物的单位围长摩尔质量ML=(29.8±1.0)×102nm,构象保持长度q=(15.4±3.0)nm.q和MHS方程指数α的值说明这类在结构上属于侧链型液晶高分子的聚合物在良溶剂四氢呋喃中呈现比较伸展的刚性链构象,其链刚性与半刚性主链液晶高分子的相似. 相似文献