A Generalization of the Mean Size Formula of Wavelet Packets in Lp

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mean size formula of wavelet packets in Lp for 0 〈 p ≤ ∞. We generalize a mean size formula of wavelet packets given in terms of the p-norm joint spectral radius and we also give some asymptotic formulas for the Lp-norm or quasi-norm on the subdivision trees. All results will be given in the general setting,     

基于Karhunen-Loève变换和小波谱特征矢量量化的三维谱像数据压缩

提出了基于Karhunen Lo埁ｖｅ变换的小波谱特征矢量量化三维谱像数据压缩方法耍幔颍瑁酰睿澹?Lo埁ｖｅ变换 /小波变换 /小波谱特征矢量量化方法应用了Karhunen Lo埁ｖｅ变换的消除谱相关性优良性能 ,应用二维小波变换消除空间相关性 ,在小波变换域内应用二维集分割嵌入块编码和一维谱特征矢量量化对三维谱像数据压缩 ,获得较高的压缩性能。实验结果表明 :Karhunen Lo埁ｖｅ变换 /小波变换 /小波谱特征矢量量化编码比Karhunen Lo埁ｖｅ变换 /小波变换 /改进对块零树编码和Karhunen Lo埁ｖｅ变换 /小波变换 /快速矢量量化编码方法在同样压缩比条件下 ,峰值信噪比提高 2dB和 1dB以上 ,而速度提高了 1.5和 8倍 ,整体压缩性能有较大的提高     

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography with frequency-dependent mask subtraction

One of the main challenges for high-resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is the limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In conventional CE-MRA, spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence is typically used to acquire raw data before and after contrast material injection, followed by mask subtraction to improve vessel contrast at the cost of increased image noise. We reported here on a frequency-dependent mask subtraction technique where only low spatial frequency data were subject to mask subtraction to improve image contrast and reduce motion artifact while high spatial frequency data were not subtracted to preserve image noise level. The feasibility of this technique was demonstrated through phantom, animal, and human volunteer studies. The lowest half, quarter, 1/8 and 1/16 of all spatial frequencies were subject to mask subtraction, respectively. These partial subtraction techniques were compared with conventional mask subtraction in terms of SNR and artifact power. An SNR gain up to 37% was achieved without significant artifact power increase for quarter-subtraction where only the central one quarter k-space data were subject to mask subtraction.     

连续小波变换高光谱数据的土壤有机质含量反演模型构建

土壤有机质含量是反映土壤肥力的重要指标,对其进行动态监测是实施精准农业的重要措施。近年来,众多学者尝试采用土壤近地传感(proximal soil sensing),尤其是近地高光谱技术,在田间和实验室获取不同形态土壤的高光谱数据,不断引入新方法建立适用于不同地域和不同土壤类型的有机质含量的反演模型。该研究在实验室内利用ASD FS3采集了土壤高光谱数据,采用“重铬酸钾-外加热法”测得了土壤有机质含量;分析了土壤原始光谱反射率(R)与有机质含量的相关性,选取R2>0.15的敏感波段的反射率;利用CWT对土壤原始光谱反射率(R)、光谱反射率的连续统去除(CR)进行不同尺度的分解,分析小波系数与土壤有机质含量的相关性,选取R2>0.3的敏感波段的小波系数;利用R选取的波段信息和R-CWT,CR-CWT的选取的小波系数,分别建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、BP神经网络(BPNN)、支持向量机回归(SVMR)三种不同的土壤有机质含量反演模型。结果表明：相比R与土壤有机质含量的决定系数R2,R-CWT,CR-CWT变换后得到的小波系数与土壤有机质含量的决定系数R2分别提高了0.15和0.2左右;CR-CWT-SVMR的模型效果最为显著,预测集的R2和RMSE分别为0.83,4.02,RPD值为2.48,具有较高的估测精度,能够全面稳定地估算土壤有机质含量;CR-CWT-PLSR的模型精度与CR-CWT-BPNN,CR-CWT-SVMR相比虽有一定差距,但是其计算量要明显小于非线性的BPNN和SVMR方法,具有模型简单、运算速度快等特点,对开发与设计田间传感器具有较大的应用价值。     

Wavelet-based dynamic time warping

Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), a pattern matching technique traditionally used for restricted vocabulary speech recognition, is based on a temporal alignment of the input signal with the template models. The principal drawback of DTW is its high computational cost as the lengths of the signals increase. This paper shows extended results over our previously published conference paper, which introduces an optimized version of the DTW that is based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).     

爆破震动信号的小波分析与HHT变换

以实测的爆破震动信号为例,分别应用小波分析和HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform)变换从不同方面进行对比分析,讨论了爆破震动信号的特征提取和时频分布。结果表明：小波分析和HHT变换都是处理非平稳信号的两种好方法,都能很好地提取信号的主要特征信息和进行滤波、消噪。然而,小波分析存在选择小波基的困难,而HHT变换不需要预先选择基函数,其EMD（empirical mode decomposition）得到的IMF(intrinsic mode function)能反映原始信号的固有特性,通常具有实际物理意义;小波谱的能量在频率范围内分布较宽,而Hilbert能量谱能清晰地表明能量随时频的具体分布,大部分能量都集中在有限的能量谱线上;小波分析中时间、频率分辨率受Heisenberg测不准原理的限制,而HHT变换中时间分辨率不变且精度很高,其频率分辨率则可随信号内在的特性进行自适应调节。分析表明：HHT变换在分析非平稳信号时较小波分析更具适应性,在岩石中波的传播、衰减规律、结构动态响应特征和爆破震动破坏等研究中有着广阔的应用前景。     

潜艇真航向测量系统

论述了潜艇真航向测量系统(DSSTH)的总体设计和各分系统设计,介绍了系统中采用的时间同步技术和改进的平移不变小波降噪算法。信息组合控制中心子系统采用INS、GPS、计程仪等导航信息组合,利用联邦卡尔曼滤波算法提高了整个系统精度;首次采用了高精度自动跟踪全站仪组成光学校准分系统测量校正导航系统,校正航向精度达到30″;采用多种关键技术和系统的整体优化设计,DSSTH航向动态测量精度达到0.03°。     

Nonlinear analysis of a structure loaded by a stochastic excitation

For a non-linear system excited by a stochastic load which is expressed as a time series,a recursive method based on the Z-transform is presented.To identify the obtained response time series,a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique is proposed.     

冻结立井爆破近区井壁振动信号基线漂移校正和消噪方法

冻结立井爆破过程中,近区监测信号中含有的基线漂零及噪声成分对其局部特征精细化提取影响显著。在对近区井壁振动信号有效采集基础上,通过互补总体经验模态分解（complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, CEEMD）方法、稀疏化基线估计消噪（baseline estimation and de-noising with sparsity, BEADS）方法和隐马尔可夫模型消噪（hidden Markov model de-noising, HMMD）方法等,解决了信号中基线漂移和随机噪声消除难题,并采用交叉小波变换对校正和消噪效果进行了相关性评价。实例分析结果表明：信号中缓变的基线成分遍历信号各个模态分量的整个过程,且主要集中于低频分量中,而噪声则集中在高频分量。组合分析方法对低频基线漂零和高频噪声的处理效果好,是一种高效且相对保幅的信号分析方法,可用于批量信号数据的预处理过程。

     

小波分析技术在陀螺故障诊断中的应用研究

小波分析是一种全新的时一频两维分析技术，其对高频突变信号和低频缓变信号的分析有其独特的优点。本文分析了小波分析技术的原理，提出了将其引入机械设备故障诊断中的方法。通过对有故障陀螺振动信号的多尺度分析，研究故障信号小波变换轴心轨迹分量图，建立典型故障特征模型，从而对单故障及多故障问题进行分析与诊断。