首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   14161篇
  免费   875篇
  国内免费   471篇
化学   2062篇
晶体学   30篇
力学   1330篇
综合类   157篇
数学   9759篇
物理学   2169篇
  2024年   18篇
  2023年   153篇
  2022年   384篇
  2021年   400篇
  2020年   261篇
  2019年   303篇
  2018年   302篇
  2017年   406篇
  2016年   380篇
  2015年   304篇
  2014年   609篇
  2013年   906篇
  2012年   833篇
  2011年   717篇
  2010年   668篇
  2009年   875篇
  2008年   882篇
  2007年   916篇
  2006年   700篇
  2005年   585篇
  2004年   494篇
  2003年   446篇
  2002年   415篇
  2001年   347篇
  2000年   337篇
  1999年   260篇
  1998年   294篇
  1997年   268篇
  1996年   235篇
  1995年   227篇
  1994年   218篇
  1993年   176篇
  1992年   163篇
  1991年   117篇
  1990年   112篇
  1989年   86篇
  1988年   67篇
  1987年   58篇
  1986年   67篇
  1985年   85篇
  1984年   80篇
  1983年   25篇
  1982年   64篇
  1981年   41篇
  1980年   38篇
  1979年   56篇
  1978年   36篇
  1977年   40篇
  1976年   26篇
  1957年   5篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
In this paper, we formulate the l p -norm optimization problem as a conic optimization problem, derive its duality properties (weak duality, zero duality gap, and primal attainment) using standard conic duality and show how it can be solved in polynomial time applying the framework of interior-point algorithms based on self-concordant barriers.  相似文献   
92.
This contribution deals with an efficient method for the numerical realization of the exterior and interior Bernoulli free boundary problems. It is based on a shape optimization approach. The state problems are solved by a fictitious domain solver using boundary Lagrange multipliers.  相似文献   
93.
We study a class of shape optimization problems for semi-linear elliptic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions in smooth domains in ℝ2. A part of the boundary of the domain is variable as the graph of a smooth function. The problem is equivalently reformulated on a fixed domain. Continuity of the solution to the state equation with respect to domain variations is shown. This is used to obtain differentiability in the general case, and moreover a useful formula for the gradient of the cost functional in the case where the principal part of the differential operator is the Laplacian. Online publication 23 January 2004.  相似文献   
94.
This paper develops a theory for the global solution of nonconvex optimization problems with parameter-embedded linear dynamic systems. A quite general problem formulation is introduced and a solution is shown to exists. A convexity theory for integrals is then developed to construct convex relaxations for utilization in a branch-and-bound framework to calculate a global minimum. Interval analysis is employed to generate bounds on the state variables implied by the bounds on the embedded parameters. These bounds, along with basic integration theory, are used to prove convergence of the branch-and-bound algorithm to the global minimum of the optimization problem. The implementation of the algorithm is then considered and several numerical case studies are examined thoroughly  相似文献   
95.
Whilst the space volume of muffler in noise control system is often constrained for maintenance in practical engineering work, the maximization on muffler’s performance becomes important and essential. In this paper, a novel approach genetic algorithms (GAs) based on the principles of natural biological evolution will be used to tackle this optimization of muffler design [M. Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996]. Here, the shape optimization of multi-segments muffler coupled with the GA searching technique is presented. The techniques of binary genetic algorithms (BGA) together with the commercial MATLAB package [G. Lindfield, J. Penny, Numerical Method Using Matlab, second ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2000] are applied in GA searching. In addition, a numerical case of pure tone elimination with 2-5 segments on muffler is introduced and fully discussed. To achieve the best optimization in GA, several GA parameters are on trial in various values. Results show that the GA operators, including crossover mutation and elitism, are essential in accuracy. Consequently, results verify that the optimal sound transmission loss at the designed frequency of 500 Hz is exactly maximized. The GA optimization on multi-segments muffler proposed in this study surely provides a quick and correct approach.  相似文献   
96.
Based on the investigation carried out in Ref. 1, this paper incorporates new studies about the properties of inclusion functions on subintervals while a branch-and-bound algorithm is solving global optimization problems. It is found that the relative place of the global minimum value within the inclusion function value of the objective function at the current interval indicates mostly whether the given interval is close to a minimizer point. This information is used in a heuristic interval rejection rule that can save a considerable amount of computation. Illustrative examples are discussed and an extended numerical study shows the advantages of the new approach.  相似文献   
97.
A linear operator in a separable Hilbert space is called a quasinormal one if it is a sum of a normal operator and a compact one. In the paper, bounds for the spectrum of quasinormal operators are established. In addition, the lower estimate for the spectral radius is derived. Under some restrictions, that estimate improves the well-known results. Applications to integral operators and matrices are discussed. Our results are new even in the finite-dimensional case.

  相似文献   

98.
本文讨论和分析了开发组合最比化理论系列课程多媒体课件的基本认识、课件的主要特色和体会,并提出了使用多媒体课件中应注意的问题.  相似文献   
99.
A family of multivariate rational functions is constructed. It has strong local minimizers with prescribed function values at prescribed positions. While there might be additional local minima, such minima cannot be global. A second family of multivariate rational functions is given, having prescribed global minimizers and prescribed interpolating data.  相似文献   
100.
The system design must be started from the concept with low cost and high performance. In this point, the topological shape of the structure is very important in the view of the structural rigidities and light-weight design.In this paper, the optimization methodology is presented in the design stage of the large optical mirror. We obtain the optimal layout through the topology optimization and then design the details through the size or shape optimization for structural rigidity.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号