全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1448篇 |
免费 | 121篇 |
国内免费 | 92篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 207篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 170篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
数学 | 849篇 |
物理学 | 391篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 33篇 |
2014年 | 103篇 |
2013年 | 120篇 |
2012年 | 67篇 |
2011年 | 83篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 93篇 |
2007年 | 79篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 73篇 |
2004年 | 62篇 |
2003年 | 63篇 |
2002年 | 51篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1661条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
在异质性生境中,种内功能性状变异有助于植物对环境的适应,进而影响种群更新、群落构建和生态系统过程。探讨了种内叶经济性状的变异及受生境异质性的塑造情况。以千岛湖片段化生境中的常见种檵木(Loropetalum chinense )的幼苗为研究对象,测定了200株檵木幼苗个体水平的7个叶经济性状(比叶面积SLA、叶全碳量C、叶全氮量N等)及其对应的生境因子(郁闭度、土壤全碳量、土壤全氮量等),采用相关性检验、主成分分析和线性混合效应模型等方法探讨片段化森林中檵木幼苗的种内叶经济性状变异及生境异质性对该变异的驱动作用。结果显示:(1) 在7个叶经济性状所构成的21对相关性分析中,有12对显著相关。经主成分分析降维后,主成分1(PC1)占性状总变异的43.02%,主要与比叶面积、叶绿素浓度、叶全氮量呈正相关,与叶干物质质量分数和叶碳氮比呈负相关,体现了檵木的种内叶经济谱,可反映叶片的最大光合效率。(2)片段化对生境条件和叶经济性状均有影响。岛屿森林群落的郁闭度显著低于大陆。相对于大陆,岛屿中的檵木幼苗趋向于更小的PC1值(缓慢投资-收益策略);大岛边缘较大岛内部偏向于更小的PC1值。(3)生境因子中,郁闭度对PC1具有显著正效应。研究表明,片段化生境中的檵木在幼苗阶段存在叶经济谱,生境片段化可通过影响生境条件进而改变檵木幼苗的叶经济性状。随着生境片段化程度的加剧,檵木幼苗的叶经济性状逐渐向缓慢投资-收益策略靠拢。 相似文献
42.
Ellen de Nazar S. da Cruz Luana de Sousa Peixoto Jamile S. da Costa Rosa Helena V. Mouro Walnice Maria O. do Nascimento Jos Guilherme S. Maia William N. Setzer Joyce Kelly da Silva Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(8)
Eugenia patrisii Vahl is a native and non-endemic myrtaceous species of the Brazilian Amazon. Due to few botanical and phytochemical reports of this species, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the seasonal variability of their leaf essential oils, performed by GC and GC-MS and chemometric analysis. The results indicated that the variation in oil yields (0.7 ± 0.1%) could be correlated with climatic conditions and rainy (R) and dry seasons (D). (E)-caryophyllene (R = 17.1% ± 16.0, D = 20.2% ± 17.7) and caryophyllene oxide (R = 30.1% ± 18.4, D = 14.1% ± 19.3) are the major constituents and did not display significant differences between the two seasons. However, statistically, a potential correlation between the main constituents of E. patrisii essential oil and the climatic parameters is possible. It was observed that the higher temperature and insolation rates and the lower humidity rate, which are characteristics of the dry season, lead to an increase in the (E)-caryophyllene contents, while lower temperature and insolation and higher humidity, which occur in the rainy season, lead to an increase in the caryophyllene oxide content. The knowledge of variations in the E. patrisii essential oil composition could help choose the best plant chemical profile for medicinal purposes. 相似文献
43.
Haplotypic variation within and among the Ascaris populations representing six provinces in China was investigated. Mitochondrial DNA regions in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes were amplified by PCR from total genomic DNA samples (n > 720) from Ascaris individuals from humans and pigs, and subjected to mutation scanning and subsequent selective sequencing. For the cox1, ten different electrophoretic profiles were recorded for human Ascaris, and the same number for pig Ascaris, one of them being common to both host species. For the nad1, 11 different profiles were detected for human Ascaris, and 15 for pig Ascaris. Having defined all haplotypes (20 for pcox1 and 26 for pnad1) by sequencing, their frequencies were estimated in each of the two host species and each of the six provinces. For each mitochondrial region, the frequency of the different haplotypes varied considerably, depending on host species and geographical origin. Analysis of the sequence data (representing all haplotypes for each mitochondrial locus) by F-statistics indicated restricted gene flow between human Ascaris and pig Ascaris, and supported the conclusions from previous molecular epidemiological investigations that pigs are not a significant source of Ascaris infection in humans in endemic regions. 相似文献
44.
Gha-Young Kim 《Analytica chimica acta》2010,677(1):90-8880
The development and characterization of a magnetic bead (MB)-quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles based assay capable of quantifying pathogenic bacteria is presented here. The MB-QD assay operates by having a capturing probe DNA selectively linked to the signaling probe DNA via the target genomic DNA (gDNA) during DNA hybridization. The signaling probe DNA is labeled with fluorescent QD565 which serves as a reporter. The capturing probe DNA is conjugated simultaneously to a MB and another QD655, which serve as a carrier and an internal standard, respectively. Successfully captured target gDNA is separated using a magnetic field and is quantified via a spectrofluorometer. The use of QDs (i.e., QD565/QD655) as both a fluorescence label and an internal standard increased the sensitivity of the assay. The passivation effect and the molar ratio between QD and DNA were optimized. The MB-QD assay demonstrated a detection limit of 890 zeptomolar (i.e., 10−21 mol L−1) concentration for the linear single stranded DNA (ssDNA). It also demonstrated a detection limit of 87 gene copies for double stranded DNA (dsDNA) eaeA gene extracted from pure Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 culture. Its corresponding dynamic range, sensitivity, and selectivity were also presented. Finally, the bacterial gDNA of E. coli O157:H7 was used to highlight the MB-QD assay's ability to detect below the minimum infective dose (i.e., 100 organisms) of E. coli O157:H7 in water environment. 相似文献
45.
46.
47.
低压闪蒸液滴形态和温度变化的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
将液滴在常压下突然置于低压环境中,液滴由最初的平衡状态变成过热状态,发生闪蒸.本文实验研究了低压闪蒸液滴内部形态和温度的变化,系统描述了液滴闪蒸过程中的各种形态变化,总结了稳态闪蒸和稳态结冰过程中环境压力和初始温度对温度变化的影响.实验结果表明液滴闪蒸分六种形态.稳态闪蒸中环境压力越低,液滴的最终温度也越低;液滴的初始温度越高,降到最低温度的时间越长.稳态结冰过程中,液滴初始温度增加,液滴结冰温度和结冰回升最高温度也随之增加;液滴的结冰温度和回升最高温度随环境压力的增高而减小. 相似文献
48.
Statistical physics and information theory is applied to the clinical chemistry measurements present in a patient database containing 2.5 million patients' data over a 20-year period. Despite the seemingly naive approach of aggregating all patients over all times (with respect to particular clinical chemistry measurements), both a diurnal signal in the decay of the time-delayed mutual information and the presence of two sub-populations with differing health are detected. This provides a proof in principle that the highly fragmented data in electronic health records has potential for being useful in defining disease and human phenotypes. 相似文献
49.
This paper describes the dynamics of a water-in-oil microemulsion from the dilute to the dense droplet region. Using the relative intermediate form factor method for neutron spin echo data analyses [M. Nagao, H. Seto, Phys. Rev. E 78 (2008) 011507], the shape and structure fluctuations of a droplet microemulsion are successfully decoupled. In the previous paper, we used the first cumulant analysis of the shape fluctuation model, while the full fitting form of the same model is applied in this paper. The final results of the fittings using the first cumulant approximation and the full form of the model are almost identical, and therefore, the validity of the method is strengthened. The estimated bending modulus of the surfactant membrane, κ, is basically the same, within the experimental errors, in the previous and present results. The κ is not affected much by an increase of the droplet concentration. A clear dynamic slowing down of the water droplets is highlighted at the length scale corresponding to the inter-droplet distance from the structure fluctuation analysis. 相似文献
50.
J. Gaca M. Wójcik A. Jasik K. Pierściński M. Kosmala A. Turos A. M. Abdul-Kaderd 《Opto-Electronics Review》2008,16(1):12-17
GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors on GaAs with varied number of layer pairs were grown, by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), to be applied
for semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) and intensity modulators. Due to the random variation of the growth
rate, substrate surface roughness, and interdiffusion at the interfaces, precise control of the growth conditions of deposited
layers poses a serious problem. Usually, thickness variations and composition grading at the heterointefaces result in variations
of the mirror reflectivity. In this paper, the high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), optical reflectance, Rutherford
backscattering/channelling (RBS), supported by numerical evaluation methods were employed to determine both the exact thickness
of each layer and the composition grading at the interface between succeeding layers of GaAs/AlAs-based mirrors. To reduce
ambiguity and to speed up the analysis, the rocking curves and RBS spectra were simulated concurrently, using results of one
simulation to verify the others. This process was carried out until the best fit between experimental and calculated curves
was achieved. The complementary use of both methods results in improved sensitivity and makes the whole process of evaluation
of the thickness variation of each layer and the size of the composition grading at the interfaces less time consuming. 相似文献