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131.
132.
In this paper, numerical simulation of three-dimensional supersonic flow in a duct is presented. The flow field in the duct is complex and can find its applications in the inlet of air-breathing engines. A unique streamwise marching Lagrangian method is employed for solving the steady Euler equations. The method was first initiated by Loh and Hui (1990) for 2-D steady supersonic flow computations and then extended to 3-D computation by the present authors Loh and Liou (1992). The new scheme is shown to be capable of accurately resolving complicated shock or contact discontinuities and their interactions. In all the computations, a free stream of Mach numberM=4 is considered.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag TEX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society. 相似文献
133.
存在滑移时两圆球间的幂律流体挤压流动 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
基于Reynolds润滑理论分析了壁面滑移对任意圆球颗粒间幂律流体的挤压流动的影响。研究表明有壁面滑移时挤压流动的粘性力可通过引进本文定义的滑移修正系数分离出无滑移解。推导出的挤压力滑移修正系数是一积分表达式,依赖于滑移参数、幂律指数、球间隙和积分上限。一般地壁面滑移导致粘性力减小,粘性力的减小量随幂律指数的增大而增大,表明壁面滑移对剪切增稠流变材料有更大的影响;粘性力的减小量还随着滑移参数的增大而增加,而这恰与假设相符合;粘性力的减小量又随球间隙减小或积分上限的增大(从液桥情况到完全浸渍)而减小直到趋于常数,这一特性在离散元模拟时可以有效地减少计算量。 相似文献
134.
A new method is introduced to solve potential flow problems around axisymmetric bodies. The approach relies on expressing the infinite series expansion of the Laplace equation solution in terms of a finite sum which preserves the Laplace solution for the potential function under a Neumann-type boundary condition. Then the coefficients of the finite sum are calculated in a least squares approximation sense using the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization method. Sample benchmark problems are presented and discussed in some detail. The solutions are accurate and converged faster when a rather small number of terms were used. The method is simple and can be easily programmed. 相似文献
135.
Micro-hotplates operated at elevated temperature form the basic element in several sensor devices, such as integrated calorimetric or Taguchi-type gas sensors and flow-rate sensors. In all of these applications thermal properties of the sensing elements play a determining role in functional operation, therefore, their accurate characterisation is essential. The micro-hotplates investigated were developed by one side porous silicon micro-machining technology, forming Pt micro-filaments embedded in non-stoichiometric silicon nitride, and suspended across a cavity. This work is dealing with the accurate temperature detection in the micro-scale by different measurement methods for the deduction of steady state and transient thermal properties from the results. Transient properties of the structure were investigated by application of a simplified thermal equivalent circuit model. 相似文献
136.
S. Fumeron P. Ben-Abdallah 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2006,97(2):195-208
The aim of this paper is to present several features of the couplings occurring between radiative transfer and the kinetics of a moving dielectric. After determining how the velocity field affects the apparent thermo-optical properties of matter, the energy transport problem is investigated in instationary regime and the general form of transient radiative transfer equation inside a moving medium is built. Then, the model is applied to the particular case of turbulent flows: a system of two equations for mean and fluctuating radiative energies is presented, and the resolution of this system is finally carried out. 相似文献
137.
Transverse flow transversely excited (TFTE) CO2 lasers are easily scalable to multikilowatt level. The laser power can be scaled up by increasing the volumetric gas flow
and discharge volume. It was observed in a TFTE CW CO2 laser having single row of pins as an anode and tubular cathode that the laser power was not increasing when the discharge
volume and the gas volumetric flow were increased by increasing the electrode separation keeping the gas flow velocity constant.
The discharge voltage too remained almost constant with the change of electrode separation at the same gas flow velocity.
This necessitated revision of the scaling laws for designing this type of high power CO2 laser. Experimental results of laser performance for different electrode separations are discussed and the modifications
in the scaling laws are presented. 相似文献
138.
An efficient technique for drag reduction uses dilute solutions of a few p.p.m. of polymers. A possible reduction in drag of up to 80% is achieved. Several experimental observations have been made which tend to indicate that the polymers modify the turbulence structures within the buffer layer. Flow visualisations have shown that the changes consist of a weakening of the strength of the streamwise vortices. Existing literature reveals no attempts of numerical simulation of this phenomenon. In this paper an approach is pursued by using a constitutive equation which relates the elongation viscosity to the local properties of the flow. According to this model this viscosity is large in zones where the amount of strain rate is greater than the amount of vorticity, and is zero when the vorticity exceeds the strain rate. Simulations have been performed in a “minimal channel” to give good resolution with a limited number of grid points. The accuracy of the method is tested by comparison with the results of other techniques. For simulations with polymers, quantitative comparisons cannot be made, but the results reproduce the qualitative outputs of the experiments. The mean streamwise velocity is modified in the buffer layer; the peak of the streamwise turbulent intensity, in wall units, increases and its maximum moves far from the wall; and the vertical turbulent intensity is largely reduced in the wall region. An interesting outcome from both the simulation and the experiments is that the strength of the longitudinal vortices is reduced when the polymers are present. 相似文献
139.
140.
Soft matter, like colloidal suspensions and surfactant gels, exhibit strong response to modest external perturbations. This
paper reviews our recent experiments on the nonlinear flow behaviour of surfactant worm-like micellar gels. A rich dynamic
behaviour exhibiting regular, quasi-periodic, intermittency and chaos is observed. In particular, we have shown experimentally
that the route to chaos is via Type-II intermittency in shear thinning worm-like micellar solution of cetyltrimethylammonium
tosylate where the strength of flow-concentration coupling is tuned by the addition of sodium chloride. A Poincaré first return
map of the time series and the probability distribution of laminar length between burst events show that our data are consistent
with Type-II intermittency. The existence of a ‘Butterfly’ intensity pattern in small angle light scattering (SALS) measurements
performed simultaneously with the rheological measurements confirms the coupling of flow to concentration fluctuations in
the system under study. The scattered depolarised intensity in SALS, sensitive to orientational order fluctuations, shows
the same time-dependence (like intermittency) as that of shear stress. 相似文献