欧洲放射化学教育、培训合作项目CINCH介绍与启示

核能发展需要放射化学人才,而放射化学人才紧缺在世界范围内是个普遍现象。本文介绍了欧洲应对放射化学人才危机而开展的欧洲放射化学教育、培训合作项目(CINCH),包括一期和二期项目。项目的成果包括详细的放射化学教育现状调查,统一的培养课程体系,以及开放的网络学习平台(NucWik)等。这些成功的经验可为我国的放射化学教育提供有益的启示。     

辉光放电光谱法在深度分析上的应用现状

本文简单地介绍了辉光放电光谱法（GD-OES）的基本原理。分别对深度分析的定量方式、放电方式、应用领域和相关标准进行了详细地阐述。重点描述了商品化仪器中使用的SIMR深度分析定量方法。分别对三种放电方式（如直流、射频和脉冲）在深度分析中的特点进行了介绍。综述了GD-OES在金属镀层、复杂涂镀层、纳米级薄膜和样品制备领域的具体应用。最后,介绍了GD-OES在深度分析方面的标准     

服役导线的力学性能退化研究

为更清楚地了解阳江35kV服役导线的运行状态,从分析导线断线原因出发,通过对老旧导线的单丝断裂强度、弹性模量、应力应变曲线、拉断力、抗拉强度等综合指标的测试与分析,研究服役导线的力学性能,由试验结果得出:35kV老旧导线钢芯的直径变化对于架空导线的外径变化有直接的影响,老旧导线的铝线直径变化较小,其外径增大1.67%~4.24%;钢单线的拉断应力仍能达到标准中规定值的106%,且伸长率也满足要求;部分铝线的抗拉强度低于95%;绞线拉断力仍能达到95%的计算拉断力。但是相同规格下的老旧导线的抗拉强度比新导线的抗拉强度低2%~18%。结果表明:阳江地区服役三十年以上的老旧导线在力学性能上仍能继续承载。     

多指标约束的斜拉索滑模非脆弱减振控制

为了提高斜拉索-磁流变阻尼器减振控制系统的稳定性, 提出了一种多指标约束的滑模非脆弱减振控制算法. 基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI), 利用H∞性能指标和保性能指标分别用来抑制外界扰动, 保证系统渐近稳定且具有一定上界指标, 并以区域极点配置表征减振控制稳定性与快速性, 方差表征小振幅和振动速度. 将非脆弱状态反馈控制与滑模控制相结合, 得到了多指标约束的滑模非脆弱减振控制算法设计形式及方法. 在强度为0.1002高斯白噪声随机扰动下, 对某跨海大桥C18、C13号斜拉索进行算例仿真. 结果表明, 该算法不仅使减振控制系统具有较优的保性能上界指标和较小的抗扰性能指标, 同时使拉索振动状态幅值降低91.11%~92.50%, 收敛时间缩短76.67%~84.00%.     

电阻法检测乳化液润滑状态的变化

用改进的电阻法测定了金属滑动摩擦副在混合润滑状态下发生接触的时间比率，并且检测了环－块试验过程中水包油型乳化液润滑状态的变化，同时还就乳化液中油相的体积分数和载荷等对乳化液成膜能力的影响进行了试验研究．根据测得的金属接触时间比率－滑动速度曲线的变化趋势，可以清楚地判断出润滑状态的转化及对应的临界转化速度．对比相应工况下油膜厚度的理论计算值，可以说明环－块接触区会形成一个基油富集区（油池）．在此区域内，乳化液中油相的体积分数远比其标称值高，乳化液润滑具有油池润滑的特点     

二人谈判问题

本文避开了Nash谈判公理,根据实际情况建立了支付可转让和支付不可转让两类谈判问题模型,并通过引入谈判因子,给出了类似的谈判解.     

中华鳖种质资源的研究现状及保护、利用对策

从形态特征、养殖性能、细胞水平、同工酶和DNA分子水平介绍了中华鳖种质资源的研究现状,探讨了目前中华鳖种质资源研究中存在的薄弱环节,并对中华鳖种质资源的开发、保护和利用提出了对策．     

Computational Algorithms for Censored-Data Problems Using Intersection Graphs

This article presents methods for finding the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimate (NPMLE) of the distribution function of time-to-event data. The basic approach is to use graph theory (in particular intersection graphs) to simplify the problem. Censored data can be represented in terms of their intersection graph. Existing combinatorial algorithms can be used to find the important structures, namely the maximal cliques. When viewed in this framework there is no fundamental difference between right censoring, interval censoring, double censoring, or current status data and hence the algorithms apply to all types of data. These algorithms can be extended to deal with bivariate data and indeed there are no fundamental problems extending the methods to higher dimensional data. Finally this article shows how to obtain the NPMLE using convex optimization methods and methods for mixing distributions. The implementation of these methods is greatly simplified through the graph-theoretic representation of the data.     

Channel Quality-Based Optimal Status Update for Information Freshness in Internet of Things

This paper investigates the status updating policy for information freshness in Internet of things (IoT) systems, where the channel quality is fed back to the sensor at the beginning of each time slot. Based on the channel quality, we aim to strike a balance between the information freshness and the update cost by minimizing the weighted sum of the age of information (AoI) and the energy consumption. The optimal status updating problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP), and the structure of the optimal updating policy is investigated. We prove that, given the channel quality, the optimal policy is of a threshold type with respect to the AoI. In particular, the sensor remains idle when the AoI is smaller than the threshold, while the sensor transmits the update packet when the AoI is greater than the threshold. Moreover, the threshold is proven to be a non-increasing function of channel state. A numerical-based algorithm for efficiently computing the optimal thresholds is proposed for a special case where the channel is quantized into two states. Simulation results show that our proposed policy performs better than two baseline policies.