The new physics of ultrathin elastic conoids

Summary Despite centuries of intense effort amongst mathematicians, and a huge literature in this field, there has previously never been a generally valid mathematical model of ultrathin elastic ?shells? (actually surfaces) of revolution. This survey paper presents the first theoretical framework capable of unifying, into a single coherent body of knowledge, a diversity of shapes associated with elastic bows, car bumper-bars, molluscan shells, even flower-buds and pine-cones. It becomes apparent why conventional analysis enjoys limited success when approximating elastic cones to perturbedcylinders anddiscs. Also the paper provides a theoretical basis for analysing the wrinkling of compressed engineering structures. These successes, the new unification and the simplicity of relevant theory which maynever in principle be capable of working in this context.     

用雅可比-傅里叶矩进行图像描述

提出了雅可比—傅里叶矩,它是用雅可比多项式作为径向函数,用傅里叶因子作为角向函数构造而成的,是广义正交傅里叶—梅林矩。经过归一化处理后的雅克比—傅立叶矩具有平移、尺度、旋转、灰度多畸不变性。从归一化图像重建误差、噪声灵敏度等方面对雅可比—傅里叶矩的图像描述能力进行了研究,结果显示雅可比—傅里叶矩在各种参量选择的情况下,具有良好的图像描述和抗噪声能力,是一个优良的图像特征。以前的研究多为单纯构建某一个函数,而现在将其扩展为构建一个函数族,开阔了矩描述量的研究视野。     

Informational analysis of seismic sequences by applying the Fisher Information Measure and the Shannon entropy: An application to the 2004–2010 seismicity of Aswan area (Egypt)

The interevent-time (IET) and interevent-distance (IED) series of seismic events occurred at Aswan area (Egypt) from 2004 to 2010 were investigated by means of the Fisher Information Measure and the Shannon entropy. The analysis was performed varying the depth and the magnitude thresholds. The results point out to an increase of level of organization and order with the decrease of magnitude threshold and the increase of depth threshold for the IET series, while the IED series are characterized by a level of uncertainty approximately constant with the threshold magnitude. The complexity measure, calculated as the product of the Fisher Information Measure and the Shannon entropy power, presents very similar pattern for both the types of seismic series, indicating an increasing complexity with the decrease of the threshold magnitude and the increase of the threshold depth.     

Effects of phase decoherence on the entanglement of a two-qubit anisotropic Heisenberg XYZ chain with an in-plane magnetic field

We investigate the phase decoherence effects on the entanglement of a two-qubit anisotropic Heisenberg model with a nonuniform magnetic field in the x–z-plane. As a measure of the entanglement, the concurrence of the system is calculated. It is shown that when the magnetic field is along the z-axis, the nonuniform and uniform components of the field have no influence on the entanglement for the cases of and , respectively. But when the magnetic field is not along the z-axis, both the uniform and the nonuniform components of the field will introduce the decoherence effects. It is found that the effects of the Heisenberg chain's anisotropy in the Z-direction on the entanglement are dependent on the direction of the field. Moreover, the larger the initial concurrence is, the higher value it will exhibit during the time evolution of the system for a proper set of the parameters ν, Δ, θ, γ , B and b.     

Optimal control in NMR spectroscopy: Numerical implementation in SIMPSON

We present the implementation of optimal control into the open source simulation package SIMPSON for development and optimization of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for a wide range of applications, including liquid- and solid-state NMR, magnetic resonance imaging, quantum computation, and combinations between NMR and other spectroscopies. Optimal control enables efficient optimization of NMR experiments in terms of amplitudes, phases, offsets etc. for hundreds-to-thousands of pulses to fully exploit the experimentally available high degree of freedom in pulse sequences to combat variations/limitations in experimental or spin system parameters or design experiments with specific properties typically not covered as easily by standard design procedures. This facilitates straightforward optimization of experiments under consideration of rf and static field inhomogeneities, limitations in available or desired rf field strengths (e.g., for reduction of sample heating), spread in resonance offsets or coupling parameters, variations in spin systems etc. to meet the actual experimental conditions as close as possible. The paper provides a brief account on the relevant theory and in particular the computational interface relevant for optimization of state-to-state transfer (on the density operator level) and the effective Hamiltonian on the level of propagators along with several representative examples within liquid- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.     

Nondestructive testing of external defects on Nanguo pear

In view of the common pests and diseases and irregularly shaped fruits of Nanguo pear, this paper fused the spectral information and image features to realize the rapid nondestructive testing and recognition of the external defects on Nanguo pear by hyperspectral imaging technology. Backpropagation neural network and support vector machine model was established to identify external defects, which are commonly used in classification and pattern recognition. The testing results show that recognition effect of support vector machine is better than backpropagation neural network. Among them, the recognition accuracy of fruits damaged by insects and rotten fruits of Nanguo pears reaches 100%. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing online grading system and quality detection of Nanguo pear based on multispectral imaging technique.     

Temporal Characteristics of Luminescencefrom Ultrashort-pulsed Infrared LaserStimulated Electron Trapping Materials

l.IntroductionElectrontrappingmaterials(ETMIs)areakindofinfraredstimulatedstoragephos-phors[lj.Thesephosphorscanstoreenergyafterexposuretovisibleorultravio1etlight.Beingsubeequentlystimu1atedbyinfraredIight,thestoredenergycanbereIeasedintheformofvisiblelight.Recently,thesematerialshaveshowninestimablepromiseforuseinopticalcomputingandopticalinformationprocessingbecauseoftheirgreatsensitivity,highspatialresolution,largelineardynamicrangeandhighsignal-to-nosie-ratio(SNR)[z~ej.Inreal-timeinfo…     

A statistical dynamics approach to the study of human health data: Resolving population scale diurnal variation in laboratory data

Statistical physics and information theory is applied to the clinical chemistry measurements present in a patient database containing 2.5 million patients' data over a 20-year period. Despite the seemingly naive approach of aggregating all patients over all times (with respect to particular clinical chemistry measurements), both a diurnal signal in the decay of the time-delayed mutual information and the presence of two sub-populations with differing health are detected. This provides a proof in principle that the highly fragmented data in electronic health records has potential for being useful in defining disease and human phenotypes.     

Polarized soliton pulses generation using nonlinear micro ring resonators for multi- and long distance links

We propose a new concept of quantum soliton pulses generation using a soliton pulse in the micro ring resonators. Firstly, the chaotic soliton pulses are generated and circulated within the integrated micro ring resonators. Secondly, the specific second harmonic pulses are selected by using the appropriate ring parameters. The superposition of the second harmonic pulses within the micro ring devices introduces the randomly polarized photons within the micro ring device. The entangled photon visibility of the polarized photon is seen after passing the polarization control devices and projecting on the detectors. The optimum entangled photon visibility is obtained. The advantage of such a system is that the quantum repeater unit can be redundant for long distance quantum communication link, whereas the use of the system for multi-entangled photon sources and links is also available. The system degradation via the entangled photon states timing walk-off is also discussed.     

基于光谱信息的空间碎片材料种类数目估计方法仿真研究

在观测空间碎片时,受碎片结构紧凑、组成材料复杂,以及地基观测设备空间分辨率的限制,同一像元中通常会包含多种材料的信息,即产生"混合像元"。目前国内外对混合像元的研究主要集中在获取混合像元的纯物质光谱以及丰度上,往往忽略了高光谱数据中纯物质个数的确定对于没有任何先验信息的混合像元分析是至关重要的。如果估计的材料数目过少,将会导致解混出的材料光谱仍然是混合状态的像元;如果估计的材料数目过多,提取出的端元中将很有可能包含冗余噪声成分。基于光谱线性混合模型,提出一种改进的p范数纯像元辨识算法。主要利用光谱数据具有近似于低维流形的特性,首先采用正交投影的原理,将提取的端元扩充至正交投影算子中,然后分析投影后各个像元向量的p范数值,最终将p范数值高于阈值的向量个数作为材料种类数目。对实测碎片常用材料和美国地质勘测局数据库分别进行仿真实验,实验结果表明:提出的方法在估计材料种类数目的同时,还能提取出目标所包含的材料光谱,这在一定程度上提高混合光谱分解过程的自动化程度;相对于现有的一些主流算法,该方法有较强的鲁棒性,并且在信噪比不高的情况下仍能正确地估计空间碎片材料种类数目。