精神科学的逻辑演进—以诠释学为中心

随着自然科学革命的推进和传统人文领域的式微,精神科学的奠基逐渐被提上日程。精神科学、人文科学有没有自身的逻辑和方法论？这是19世纪下半叶以来哲学面临的重大问题,并在当今学术语境中依然显示出紧迫性。人文科学最初由维柯奠基,以诗性逻辑阐明人文知识的合法性,却忽略了知识的起源和有效性之区分;狄尔泰通过建构描述心理学和诠释学的方法论,在精神科学的奠基与证成上迈出关键的一步,不过他仍然没有摆脱传统认识论的框架;在精神科学的自我确证之路上,伽达默尔接力前行,其哲学诠释学证明了精神科学与理解的本质关系,确立理解的对话结构和精神科学的问答逻辑,由于这种逻辑主要局限于存在论/本体论层面的描述,故而隐含着认识论和实践价值上的相对主义危机。应在更高层面上展望一种存在论和认识论—方法论相统一的精神科学的对话逻辑,这种逻辑融合交互性、反思批判性、开放性和伦理性等元素于自身,不仅标识出精神科学的特质,也能为不同学科领域的交叉综合与创新提供助益。     

Performance investigation of an advanced tracked prime mover on the low bearing soil

This study has presented a performance investigation of an advanced tracked prime mover for the operation of agricultural goods and other operations on peat terrain. The maximum and continuous traction torque of the prime mover has been developed by designing an advanced controller for controlling the intelligent system. The prime mover’s mobility is studied with ultrasonic displacement sensor, torque transducer, National Instrument cRIO-9004 Compact-RIO Real-time Controller Unit (RCU), a National Instrument TPC 2106T Touch Panel Control (TPC), a Trimble AG132 GPS antenna and receiver unit, and a Dlink DIR-655 router. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been equipped with the prime mover hydraulic system to increase the traction torque of the hydraulic motor when the prime mover’s sinkage is more than or equal to 70 mm. The prime mover’s design demonstrates good potential in traversing peat terrain as the measured tractive effort was found to be 48% of the vehicle’s gross weight while the recommended tractive effort is in the range of 30–36% of the vehicle’s gross weight.     

Two-Photon-Induced CO-Releasing Molecules as Molecular Logic Systems in Solution,Polymers, and Cells

Phototherapeutic applications of carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules are limited because they require harmful UV and blue light for activation. We describe two-photon excitation with NIR light (800 nm)-induced CO-release from two Mn^I tricarbonyl complexes bearing 1,8-naphthalimide units ( 1 , 2 ). Complex 2 behaves as a logic OR gate in solution, nonwovens, and in HeLa cells. CO release, indicated by fluorescence enhancement, was detected in solution, nonwoven, and HeLa cells by single- (405 nm) and two-photon (800 nm) excitation. The photophysical properties of 1 and 2 have been measured and supported by DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations. Both photoCORMs are stable in the dark in solution and noncytotoxic, leading to promising applications as phototherapeutics with NIR light.     

Minimal kernels of Dirac operators along maps

Let M be a closed spin manifold and let N be a closed manifold. For maps and Riemannian metrics g on M and h on N, we consider the Dirac operator of the twisted Dirac bundle . To this Dirac operator one can associate an index in . If M is 2‐dimensional, one gets a lower bound for the dimension of the kernel of out of this index. We investigate the question whether this lower bound is obtained for generic tupels .     

Reasoning about proof and knowledge

In previous work [15], we presented a hierarchy of classical modal systems, along with algebraic semantics, for the reasoning about intuitionistic truth, belief and knowledge. Deviating from Gödel's interpretation of IPC in S4, our modal systems contain IPC in the way established in [13]. The modal operator can be viewed as a predicate for intuitionistic truth, i.e. proof. Epistemic principles are partially adopted from Intuitionistic Epistemic Logic IEL [4]. In the present paper, we show that the S5-style systems of our hierarchy correspond to an extended Brouwer–Heyting–Kolmogorov interpretation and are complete w.r.t. a relational semantics based on intuitionistic general frames. In this sense, our S5-style logics are adequate and complete systems for the reasoning about proof combined with belief or knowledge. The proposed relational semantics is a uniform framework in which also IEL can be modeled. Verification-based intuitionistic knowledge formalized in IEL turns out to be a special case of the kind of knowledge described by our S5-style systems.     

Existential monadic second order logic of undirected graphs: The Le Bars conjecture is false

In 2001, J.-M. Le Bars disproved the zero-one law (that says that every sentence from a certain logic is either true asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.), or false a.a.s.) for existential monadic second order sentences (EMSO) on undirected graphs. He proved that there exists an EMSO sentence ? such that $\mathsf{P}(G_n??)$ does not converge as $n\to \infty$ (here, the probability distribution is uniform over the set of all graphs on the labeled set of vertices $\{1,\dots ,n\}$). In the same paper, he conjectured that, for EMSO sentences with 2 first order variables, the zero-one law holds. In this paper, we disprove this conjecture.     

Ag+与Hg2+对G-四链体DNA结构的破坏及其对构筑DNA逻辑门的应用

本工作利用圆二色光谱研究了Ag+与Hg2+对4种代表性G-四链体DNA结构的破坏作用。结果表明Ag+可能通过与碱基G螯合从而破坏G-四链体结构;Hg2+能通过形成T-Hg2+-T碱基对,及其他方式破坏G-四链体结构。含巯基(-SH)的半胱氨酸与Ag+与Hg2+可以发生较强的配位作用,从而使被Ag+与Hg2+破坏后的G-四链体DNA结构得以回复。基于此,一个新颖的Ag+/Hg2+-半胱氨酸-DNA逻辑门得以构筑。     

矩阵方程AX=B的中心对称定秩解及其最佳逼近

本文研究了矩阵方程AX=B的中心对称解.利用矩阵对的广义奇异值分解和广义逆矩阵,获得了该方程有中心对称解的充要条件以及有解时,最大秩解、最小秩解的一般表达式,并讨论了中心对称最小秩解集合中与给定矩阵的最佳逼近解.