Geometric phase in a composite system subjected to decoherence

In this paper, we investigate the geometric phase of a composite system which is composed of two spin- particles driven by a time-varying magnetic field. Firstly, we consider the special case that only one subsystem driven by time-varying magnetic field. Using the quantum jump approach, we calculate the geometric phase associated with the adiabatic evolution of the system subjected to decoherence. The results show that the lowest order corrections to the phase in the no-jump trajectory is only quadratic in decoherence coefficient. Then, both subsystem driven by time-varying magnetic field is considered, we show that the geometric phase is related to the exchange-interaction coefficient and polar angle of the magnetic field.     

Quasi-equilibrium lattice Boltzmann method

A general lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of fluids with tailored transport coefficients is presented. It is based on the recently introduced quasi-equilibrium kinetic models, and a general lattice Boltzmann implementation is developed. Lattice Boltzmann models for isothermal binary mixtures with a given Schmidt number, and for a weakly compressible flow with a given Prandtl number are derived and validated.     

Electric field effects on electronic characteristics of arsenene nanoribbons

By using the first-principles calculations, we investigate the effects of electric field on electronic structures of armchair and zigzag arsenene nanoribbons (AsNRs) with different widths. The results show that for each case, quantum size effects induce a smaller band gap in larger AsNRs. Moreover, electric field can reduce effectively the band gap of AsNRs. In addition, the electric field can induce only the transition of band structures in the A-AsNRs or Z-AsNRs with narrow size. The band gap decrease more rapidly and the threshold electric field induced metal becomes smaller in the wider AsNRs.     

Algebraic methods in quantum mechanics: from molecules to polymers

We present a brief review of algebraic techniques developed and applied in molecular spectroscopy in the last five years. We also outline perspectives for new applications of the Lie algebraic method in the first decade of the new century. Received 21 November 2001     

Fast evaluation of Helmholtz potential on graphics processing units (GPUs)

This paper presents a parallel algorithm implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs) for rapidly evaluating spatial convolutions between the Helmholtz potential and a large-scale source distribution. The algorithm implements a non-uniform grid interpolation method (NGIM), which uses amplitude and phase compensation and spatial interpolation from a sparse grid to compute the field outside a source domain. NGIM reduces the computational time cost of the direct field evaluation at N observers due to N co-located sources from O(N²) to O(N) in the static and low-frequency regimes, to O(N log N) in the high-frequency regime, and between these costs in the mixed-frequency regime. Memory requirements scale as O(N) in all frequency regimes. Several important differences between CPU and GPU implementations of the NGIM are required to result in optimal performance on respective platforms. In particular, in the CPU implementations all operations, where possible, are pre-computed and stored in memory in a preprocessing stage. This reduces the computational time but significantly increases the memory consumption. In the GPU implementations, where handling memory often is a critical bottle neck, several special memory handling techniques are used to accelerate the computations. A significant latency of the GPU global memory access is hidden by implementing coalesced reading, which requires arranging many array elements in contiguous parts of memory. Contrary to the CPU version, most of the steps in the GPU implementations are executed on-fly and only necessary arrays are kept in memory. This results in significantly reduced memory consumption, increased problem size N that can be handled, and reduced computational time on GPUs. The obtained GPU–CPU speed-up ratios are from 150 to 400 depending on the required accuracy and problem size. The presented method and its CPU and GPU implementations can find important applications in various fields of physics and engineering.     

拉氏数值模拟中的人工粘性方法

较好的人工粘性需要满足较小的计算开销、不能去除真实具有的涡运动等条件.提出一种应用于拉氏数值模拟中基于Lew人工粘性,同时增加了限制器的人工粘性方法.可以有效减少数值模拟结果对网格的依赖;采用特征值限制器控制施加的人工粘性大小,通过限制器能够区分激波压缩和等熵压缩;方便应用在二维、三维,结构网格或者非结构网格上.     

全无机钙钛矿量子点的合成、性质及发光二极管应用进展

近年来,全无机铯铅卤素钙钛矿(CsPbX₃,X=Cl,Br,I)量子点由于其色纯度高、具有可调谐的发射波长(410～760 nm)、窄的半峰宽(12～42 nm)和较高的荧光量子产率(最高可达95%以上)以及可全溶液处理等优势而受到人们的高度关注,在显示和照明领域有着较为广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了近年来发展起来的全无机钙钛矿量子点的液相合成方法,如高温热注射法、一步反应法、阴离子交换法和过饱和重结晶法等;其次介绍了全无机钙钛矿量子点的形貌、尺寸和晶型调控及材料组分、反应温度和杂质离子对其发光性能的影响,进而总结了无铅全无机钙钛矿量子点的研究进展;然后介绍了全无机钙钛矿量子点在发光二极管方面的应用进展;最后概述了全无机钙钛矿量子点在未来发展中存在的挑战和机遇。     

Deposition of Ni<Subscript> 13</Subscript> and Cu<Subscript> 13</Subscript> clusters on Ni(111) and Cu(111) surfaces

The soft deposition of Ni₁₃ and Cu₁₃ clusters on Ni(111) and Cu(111) surfaces is studied by means of constant-energy molecular-dynamics simulations. The atomic interactions are described by the Embedded Atom Method. It is shown that the shape of the nickel clusters deposited on Cu(111) surfaces remains rather intact, while the copper clusters impacting on Ni(111) surfaces collapse forming double and triple layered products. Furthermore, it is found that for an impact energy of 0.5 eV/atom the structures of all investigated clusters show the lowest similarity to the original structures, except for the case of nickel clusters deposited on a Cu(111) surface. Finally, it is demonstrated that when cluster and substrate are of different materials, it is possible to control whether the deposition results in largely intact clusters on the substrate or in a spreading of the clusters. This separation into hard and soft clusters can be related to the relative cohesive energy of the crystalline materials.     

Monte Carlo simulations of electron dynamics in N2/CO2 mixtures

Motivated by experimental investigations of electrical discharges in N₂/CO₂/H₂O, Monte Carlo (MC) electron dynamics simulations in atmospheric N₂/CO₂ mixtures were performed. The goal was to obtain electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs), mean free path, drift velocity, collision frequency and mean energy of electrons, rate coefficients of electron-impact reactions, ionisation and attachment coefficients, as functions of the reduced electric field strength (E/N) and of the concentration of individual gas components. The results obtained by MC simulations were fitted with polynomials of up to the 3rd order with reasonable accuracy for E/N above 80 Td. The studied parameters below 80 Td were strongly non-linear as functions of E/N. This is mostly due to the influence of elastic collisions of electrons with CO₂ molecules prevailing in CO₂-dominant mixtures for E/N < 40 Td, and vibrational excitation collisions of N₂ species prevailing in N₂-dominant mixtures for E/N from 40 to 80 Td. The effect of these electron-impact processes was specific for each of the studied parameters.