原位X射线研究拉伸过程中间规聚丙烯晶体熔融与晶体取向关系

间规聚丙烯熔体(sPP)淬冷至液氮温度并保持5 min, 于20, 40, 80, 120 ℃下等温退火10 h, 制备出具有不同片晶厚度的样品. 在室温条件下, 利用原位X射线在线研究sPP样品拉伸过程中应力诱导的晶体熔融和晶体取向关系. 结果表明, 在单轴拉伸过程中, 应力导致的晶体熔融和晶体取向同时发生, 即两者在同一应变、 同一应力下同时发生, 这一特性不受片晶厚度的影响. 随着片晶厚度的增加, 晶体熔融和取向需要的临界应力不断增大, 在所研究范围内, 该临界应力的增加和片晶厚度基本呈线性关系. 另外, 随着片晶厚度增大, 样品的弹性模量、 屈服强度和应变硬化模量均有一定程度的增大.     

Effects of local thickness defects on the buckling of micro-beam

A buckling model of Timoshenko micro-beam with local thickness defects is established based on a modified gradient elasticity. By introducing the local thickness defects function of the micro-beam, the variable coe-cient differential equations of the buckling problem are obtained with the variational principle. Combining the eigensolution series of the complete micro-beam with the Galerkin method, we obtain the critical load and buckling modes of the micro-beam with defects. The results show that the depth and location of the defect are the main factors affecting the critical load, and the combined effect of boundary conditions and defects can significantly change the buckling mode of the micro-beam. The effect of defect location on buckling is related to the axial gradient of the rotation angle, and defects should be avoided at the maximum axial gradient of the rotation angle. The model and method are also applicable to the static deformation and vibration of the micro-beam.     

表面力仪的改进及超薄膜流变特性的实验研究

在对原表面力仪进行较大改进的基础上 ,以 5 0 0 SN基础油和十六烷为研究对象 ,进行了超薄膜流变特性的实验研究 .结果表明 :在超薄膜润滑条件下 ,5 0 0 SN和十六烷均表现出明显的非牛顿剪切响应 ,即剪切稀释现象 ;摩擦力幅值随剪切速度的增大急剧上升到最大值 ,然后下降至某一固定值附近并产生波动 ;剪切挤压下的临界膜厚小于静态挤压的临界膜厚 ,剪切运动对吸附层有序结构产生破坏作用     

宽板塑性弯曲成形过程中的板厚变化规律

根据宽板弯曲过程中的变形与应力分布特征，提出了一种计算弯曲过程中板料厚度随弯曲程度变化的新的近似解答方法．该方法基于塑性增量理论，应用塑性成形过程的体积不变假设和弯曲过程的平面假设．作为算例，得到了理想刚塑性材料的板料厚度、变薄系数以及应变中性层内移系数随板料弯曲内表面曲率半径变化的规律，并与实验数据进行了比较，两吻合良好．     

纳米二氧化硅水溶胶成膜特性研究

研究了纳米SiO2水溶胶的固液二相流成膜特性．结果表明，水溶胶中的Si02固体颗粒的粒径及质量分数对粘度的影响较小，对成膜能力和承载能力的影响较大；在薄膜润滑阶段，固体颗粒的粒径和质量分数对润滑状态的稳定性具有一定的影响，随着速度的增加，液体膜厚度逐渐增大，固体颗粒对液体润滑膜稳定性及性能的影响逐渐减弱；在弹流润滑阶段，固体颗粒的影响很小。     

表面凹槽对流体动压润滑油膜厚度的影响

利用自行研发的面接触光干涉油膜厚度测量系统,对表面凹槽滑块的流体动压润滑油膜厚度进行了试验测量,试验中以静止的微型凹槽滑块平面和旋转的光学透明圆盘平面构成润滑副,且两润滑平面始终保持平行;在固定的载荷(速度)条件下,对油膜厚度-速度(载荷)曲线进行测量.结果表明：凹槽的宽度,深度,方向和位置等因素对油膜厚度有着重要影响.同时采用经典Reynolds方程对油膜厚度进行了理论计算,结果表明理论值在某些条件下并不能解释试验结果.     

紧凑拉剪试样中Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型穿透裂纹的三维特性分析

进行了Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型载荷作用下航空结构铝合金CTS试样线弹性的全场三维有限元计算,分析了复合型离面应力约束因子Tz和面内约束T应力的分布特性,研究了厚度和载荷条件对应力各分量及应力三轴性水平Rσ、应变能密度U0的影响以及这些量在实验中观察到的裂纹起裂方向上的特点。结果表明：（1）平面内约束T应力在此种试样形式下为零;（2）复合型裂纹的三维效应区与厚度成正比,为0.4-0.5B,与载荷条件基本无关,但是厚度效应随着载荷角的减小逐渐变小,到II型载荷时基本消失;（3）离面约束因子Tz随着径向和厚度尺寸的增加逐渐减小,但在周向基本不发生变化;（4）最小应变能密度U0min的方位能够表征此种材料三维复合型断裂的裂纹起裂方向。研究结果为建立三维复合型断裂准则提供了理论基础。     

动态冰浆传热特性的研究

动态冰浆由于具有较强的蓄能和传热能力,日益受到人们的重视。文中建立了动态冰浆传热特性的数理模型,并利用已知的载流溶液和冰晶的物性参数,得到了动态冰浆在水平直管、等热流加热条件下的传热系数,根据计算结果,分析了传热系数随着冰浆浓度的变化的规律和冰浆流速和管径对动态冰浆传热性能的影响。     

Influence of interfacial properties on Ostwald ripening in crosslinked multilayered oil-in-water emulsions

The influence of interfacial crosslinking, layer thickness and layer density on the kinetics of Ostwald ripening in multilayered emulsions at different temperatures was investigated. Growth rates of droplets were measured by monitoring changes in the droplet size distributions of 0.5% (w/w) n-octane, n-decane, and n-dodecane oil-in-water emulsions using static light scattering. Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory was used to calculate Ostwald ripening rates. A sequential two step process, based on electrostatic deposition of sugar beet pectin onto fish gelatin or whey protein isolate (WPI) interfacial membranes, was used to manipulate the interfacial properties of the oil droplets. Laccase was added to the fish gelatin-beet pectin emulsions to promote crosslinking of adsorbed pectin molecules via ferulic acid groups, whereas heat was induced to promote crosslinking of WPI and helix coil transitions of fish gelatin. Ripening rates of single-layered, double-layered and crosslinked emulsions increased as the chain length of the n-alkanes decreased. Emulsions containing crosslinked fish gelatin-beet pectin coated droplets had lower droplet growth rates (3.1 ± 0.3 × 10⁻²⁶ m³/s) than fish gelatin-stabilized droplets (7.3 ± 0.2 × 10⁻²⁶ m³/s), which was attributed to the formation of a protective network. Results suggest that physical or enzymatic biopolymer-crosslinking of interfaces may reduce the molecular transport of alkanes between the droplets in the continuous phase.     

Numerical simulation of Rhonegletscher from 1874 to 2100

Due to climatic change, many Alpine glaciers have significantly retreated during the last century. In this study we perform the numerical simulation of the temporal and spatial change of Rhonegletscher, Swiss Alps, from 1874 to 2007, and from 2007 to 2100.