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991.
992.
Consider a network where two routes are available for users wishing to travel from a source to a destination. On one route (which could be viewed as private transport) service slows as traffic increases. On the other (which could be viewed as public transport) the service frequency increases with demand. The Downs-Thomson paradox occurs when improvements in service produce an overall decline in performance as user equilibria adjust. Using the model proposed by Calvert [10], with a ⋅|M|1 queue corresponding to the private transport route, and a bulk-service infinite server queue modelling the public transport route, we give a complete analysis of this system in the setting of probabilistic routing. We obtain the user equilibria (which are not always unique), and determine their stability.AMS subject classification: 60K30, 90B15, 90B20, 91A10, 91A13This revised version was published online in June 2005 with corrected coverdate 相似文献
993.
二维光电位置敏感器件的非线性修正 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
根据二维光电位置敏感器件 (PSD)的工作原理 ,分析了影响PSD线性度的主要因素 ,提出了一种用神经网络对PSD进行非线性修正的方法。以PSD的输入输出数据对作为样本训练的神经网络 ,利用神经网络所具有地能够以任意精度逼近非线性函数的能力 ,实现PSD的输出与实际光点位置之间的映射 ,在神经网络的输出端得到线性响应。该方法的优点是不需要很大的数据存储量即可得到很好的修正效果。结果表明 ,修正后的PSD能在较宽的位置范围内输出高线性度的信号 相似文献
994.
Harold J. Kushner 《Queueing Systems》2006,54(4):317-329
Consider a communications network consisting of mobiles and random external data processes, each destined to a particular
destination. Each mobile can serve as a node in the multi-hop path from source to destination. At each mobile the data is
queued according to the source destination pair. The quality of the connecting channels are randomly varying. Time is divided
into small scheduling intervals. At the beginning of each interval, the channels are estimated and this information is used
for the decisions concerning allocation of transmission power and/or time, bandwidth, and perhaps antennas, in a queue and
channel-state dependent way. Under a natural (and “almost” necessary) “average flow” condition, stochastic stability methods
are used to develop scheduling policies that assure stability. The policies are readily implementable and allow a range of
tradeoffs between current rates and queue lengths, under very weak conditions. Because of the non-Markovian nature of the
problem, we use the perturbed Stochastic Liapunov function method. The choice of Liapunov function allows a choice of the
effective performance criteria. All essential factors are incorporated into a “mean rate” function, so that the results cover
many different systems. Extensions concerning acknowledgments, multicasting, non-unique routes, and others are given to illustrate
the versatility of the method, and a useful method for getting the a priori routes is discussed. 相似文献
995.
??The Bayesian model are established for the VaR and related risk measurements. The relationship between VaR and other risk measurements including expect shortfall, tail condition expectation and conditional value at risk are discussed. Furthermore, the Bayesian estimates and Bayesian predictors of these risk measurement are derived. Thirdly, the consistency and asymptotic normality in the exponential risk model are proved. Finally, the numerical simulation method is used to verify the convergence rate under different sample sizes. 相似文献
996.
A. D. Anastasiadis G. D. Magoulas 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,50(1-2):277-283
In this paper, inspired from our previous algorithm, which was
based on the theory of Tsallis statistical mechanics, we develop a
new evolving stochastic learning algorithm for neural networks.
The new algorithm combines deterministic and stochastic search
steps by employing a different adaptive stepsize for each network
weight, and applies a form of noise that is characterized by the
nonextensive entropic index q, regulated by a weight decay term.
The behavior of the learning algorithm can be made more stochastic
or deterministic depending on the trade off between the
temperature T and the q values. This is achieved by
introducing a formula that defines a time-dependent relationship
between these two important learning parameters. Our experimental
study verifies that there are indeed improvements in the
convergence speed of this new evolving stochastic learning
algorithm, which makes learning faster than using the original
Hybrid Learning Scheme (HLS). In addition, experiments are
conducted to explore the influence of the entropic index q and
temperature T on the convergence speed and stability of the
proposed method. 相似文献
997.
Camilla Mohrdieck Alexander Wanner Wouter Roos Alexander Roth Erich Sackmann Joachim P Spatz Eduard Arzt 《Chemphyschem》2005,6(8):1492-1498
Arrays of elastic pillars are used in biophysical experiments as sensors for traction forces. The evaluation of the forces can be complicated if they are coupled to the pillar displacements over large distances. This is the case if many of the pillars are interconnected by elastic linkages as, for example, in fiber networks that are grown on top of pillars. To calculate the traction forces in such a network, we developed a set of nonlinear inhomogeneous equations relating the forces in the linking elements to the resulting pillar deflections. We chose a homogeneous, activated two-dimensional network of cytoskeletal actin filaments to illustrate that a pillar substrate is generally not a force sensor but a force-gradient sensor. In homogeneous networks the forces acting along the filaments can be approximated by analyzing only pillar deflections in the edge zones of the substrate and by integration over the corresponding force gradients. 相似文献
998.
In this paper, using the theory of topological degree and Liapunov functional methods, the authors study the competitive neural networks with time delays and different time scales and present some criteria of global robust stability for this neural network model. 相似文献
999.
Influence diagrams for representing Bayesian decision problems are redefined in a formal way using conditional independence. This makes the graphs somewhat more helpful for exploring the consequences of a clients state beliefs. Some important results about the manipulation of influence diagrams are extended and reviewed as is an algorithm for computing an optimal policy. Two new results about the manipulation of influence diagrams are derived. A novel influence diagram representing a practical decision problem is used to illustrate the methodologies presented in this paper. 相似文献
1000.
The structure of interaction plays an important role in the outcome of evolutionary games. This study investigates the evolution of stochastic strategies of the prisoner's dilemma played on structures ranging from lattices to small world networks. Strategies and payoffs are analyzed as a function of the network characteristics of the node they are playing on. Nodes with lattice‐like neighborhoods tend to perform better than the nodes modified during the rewiring process of the construction of the small‐world network. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12:22–36, 2006 相似文献