小型光电编码器自动检测系统

设计了小型光电编码器自动检测系统,用于准确快速地检测小型光电轴角编码器的误差。采用21位高精度光电编码器作为角度基准来检测低精度的小型光电编码器。用控制系统转动编码器,此时高精度编码器与被检编码器之差即为小型编码器在该位置的误差。检测完毕,根据需要将编码器的误差通过USB接口传输给上位机保存并进行深度分析。采用该系统检测某型号的15位编码器,得到的均方差为29.1″,而传统方法检测的误差均方差为28.5″,表明设计的检测系统满足检测精度要求。     

Optimization of fat tree encoder for ultra high speed analog to digital converter using 45 nanometer technology

The design of high speed, compact and low power fat tree encoder circuits using static CMOS gates is presented. In this paper, we propose a modified 3 bit fat tree encoder (FTE) that can operate in high frequency without a sophisticated circuit structure. In addition, the technique of hardware sharing is adopted in this design to reduce the number of transistors. The study uses complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 45 nm-technology. The proposed static design has improved delay and power compared to a conventional ROM encoder circuit implementation. The simulation result indicates that it functions successfully and works at 200-MHz speed. The average power consumption of the circuit under room temperature is 20.7 nW. The total core area is 0.011 mm². As expected, the proposed design can be easily integrated in various kind of digital application.     

(∈,∈∨ q(λ,μ))-模糊布尔代数

给出(∈,∈∨q(λ,μ))-模糊布尔代数及广义模糊布尔代数的概念,得到了(∈,∈∨ q(λ,μ))-模糊布尔代数的一些等价刻画及基本性质,另外,还研究了它的的同态像与同态原像的基本性质.     

同态技术在红外图像处理中的应用

针对噪声引起的红外图像对比度的下降,采用同态滤波增强方法对红外图像进行校正,减小了噪声的影响,提高了原图像的对比度和像质,为进一步提取图像中的特征信息打下了良好的基础.通过计算机模拟分析和验证,证实了同态滤波是红外图像对比度增强的有效预处理方法.     

无监督学习AE和MVO-DBSCAN结合LIF在煤矿突水识别中的应用

快速准确的识别突水类型和突水来源对煤矿安全开采具有重要意义,激光诱导荧光（LIF）技术在检测中具有快速性和灵敏性,将LIF应用于煤矿突水的检测,再结合模式识别算法,可快速识别出突水来源。目前用于识别水样光谱的算法过于依赖预先建立的水样光谱数据库,当突水水源不在该库中时,易引发误识别。无监督学习算法DBSCAN在聚类时不需样本集的标签和类别信息,能降低对未知类别的误识别,因此把DBSCAN算法用于突水的激光诱导荧光光谱识别,并将MVO用于DBSCAN的参数寻优,省去繁琐的人工参数寻优过程。实验中,从谢桥煤矿采水点获取四个水样,利用像素为2 048的USB2000+光谱仪采集水样的荧光光谱,每种水样采集30组光谱数据。首先,利用无监督学习算法自动编码器(AE)对原始光谱数据降维,以减少光谱数据中冗余信息对聚类的影响,设计的AE的结构是介于浅层和深层之间的多层网络模型,可将原始光谱数据降到2维;为使降维模型具有稀疏性,在传统的AE算法中加入一个Dropout层,由实验可知,加入Dropout层后的降维模型具有较快的收敛速度。将多元宇宙优化(MVO)算法用于DBSCAN参数寻优,在参数寻优过程中,DBSCAN对降维后的水样光谱识别率最高为97.5%,此时参数所对应的取值范围为[0.023 66 0.040 65];为验证AE对水样光谱数据降维的有效性,把归一化后的未降维的光谱数据用于DBSCAN聚类识别,DBSCAN对原始水样光谱的识别率最高为95%,比降维后的后水样光谱识别率低了2.5%,结果表明,使用AE降维光谱数据,可提高DBSCAN对不同光谱的识别率。最后,用监督学习算法K最近邻(KNN)识别降维后的水样光谱,将识别结果和无监督学习算法DBSCAN的识别结果对比,其中训练集选用三种水样,测试集使用四种水样;在测试集中,监督学习算法只能准确地识别训练集所包含的水样类别,但把训练集没有的类别全部识别错误,而DBSCAN能准确的识别出训练集中没有的水样光谱。非线性降维算法AE能实现对高维的水样光谱数据降维,把MVO-DBSCAN用于煤矿突水水源的LIF光谱识别,可有效降低因矿井水源光谱数据库建立不完备而引起的误识别。     

A fully automated algorithm under modified FCM framework for improved brain MR image segmentation

Automated brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) segmentation is a complex problem especially if accompanied by quality depreciating factors such as intensity inhomogeneity and noise. This article presents a new algorithm for automated segmentation of both normal and diseased brain MRI. An entropy driven homomorphic filtering technique has been employed in this work to remove the bias field. The initial cluster centers are estimated using a proposed algorithm called histogram-based local peak merger using adaptive window. Subsequently, a modified fuzzy c-mean (MFCM) technique using the neighborhood pixel considerations is applied. Finally, a new technique called neighborhood-based membership ambiguity correction (NMAC) has been used for smoothing the boundaries between different tissue classes as well as to remove small pixel level noise, which appear as misclassified pixels even after the MFCM approach. NMAC leads to much sharper boundaries between tissues and, hence, has been found to be highly effective in prominently estimating the tissue and tumor areas in a brain MR scan. The algorithm has been validated against MFCM and FMRIB software library using MRI scans from BrainWeb. Superior results to those achieved with MFCM technique have been observed along with the collateral advantages of fully automatic segmentation, faster computation and faster convergence of the objective function.     

新颖的人造偏振片

作者设计并制作了偏振轴呈同心圆、放射形、；悬线形以及波浪形等几种新的特殊人造偏振片.文中讨论了这些人造偏振片的设计原理.实验证明,此类人造偏振片有可能在光学信息处理、光纤通讯及立体显示等近代光学技术中,被用作特殊的方向滤波器或区域滤波器以及编码器等     

单圈绝对式码盘编码方法的研究

通过对传统绝对式码盘编码方法原理的研究,提出了一种新型的编码方法--单圈绝对式编码方式.根据设计的码盘位数,运用VC语言进行可视化编程,得出角度位置和编码一一对应的编码.该图形简单,制作方便,易于提高准确度和实现编码器的小型化,克服传统绝对式码盘码道数过多、结构复杂、刻划难度大、编码准确度低等缺点,为进一步研制单圈绝对式编码器提供了理论依据和技术支持.     

绝对式光学编码器串行编码方法的研究

针对传统绝对式光学编码器各编码码道沿径向分布、结构复杂的缺点,提出了一种绝对式光学编码器的串行编码方法。在码盘上仅刻划一圈存储多位二值信息的编码码道,沿码盘圆周方向按一定位置布置的光敏元件并行读取的二进制数具有唯一性,对此二进制数查表译码,就可以实现绝对位置测量。与传统绝对式光学编码器相比,码盘直径小、光学图案简单,有利于绝对式编码器实现小型化和提高精度。     

激光偏振编码制导中铌酸锂晶体编码技术研究

针对激光驾束制导系统光束能量调制方式的原理缺陷,讨论了用铌酸锂晶体的电光效应实现空间偏振编码的原理。对铌酸锂晶体的电光效应进行了理论分析,在此基础上设计了基于普科尔效应的空间偏振编码调制器。确定了X轴方向加电场的最佳运用方式,使得经过编码器后的线偏振光具有理想的偏振态梯度分布。对接收数据处理方式进行了讨论,得到了差和比方式对旋转不敏感的结论。在实验室中用可见光进行了近场实验,获得了从最上方近似右旋圆偏振光到中间的线偏振光再到最下方的左旋圆偏振光的偏振态分布。实验曲线表明获得了与理论计算基本一致的结果。