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31.
我们制备研究了基于结构为氧化铟锡(ITO)/C_(60)(1.2nm):MoO_3(0.4nm)/1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBi):三(2-苯基吡啶)铱[Ir(ppy)_3](33%,90 nm)/LiF (0.7 nm)/Al (120 nm)的高效绿色磷光单层有机发光二极管(OLED)。分别将C_(60),MoO_3与C_(60):MoO_3混合物作为空穴注入层(HIL)作为对比。TPBi在发光层中起着主体以及电子传输材料的双重作用。在使用电子传输型主体的单层OLED中,空穴注入层性质对于调节电子/空穴注入以获得电荷载流子传输平衡起重要作用。因此,适当调节空穴注入层是实现高效单层OLED的关键因素。由于MoO_3较大的电子亲和能(6.37 eV)会诱导电子从C_(60)的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级转移至MoO_3,从而形成C_(60)阳离子,并使得Mo元素的价态从+6降至+5,C_(60):MoO_3混合就可以较好的调节空穴注入性质。最终实现最大电流效率为35.88 cd·A~(-1)的单层有机发光器件。 相似文献
32.
33.
Guangcong Zhang Qiaomei Chen Zhou Zhang Jie Fang Chaowei Zhao Yen Wei Weiwei Li 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(4):e202216304
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a widely used hole transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), but its acidity severely reduces the stability of devices. Until now, very few HTLs were developed to replace PEDOT:PSS toward stable and high-performance OSCs. Herein, a new cobalt-lanthanum (Co-La) inorganic system was reported as HTL to show a high conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.82 %, which is among the top PCEs in binary OSCs. Since electron-rich outer shell of La atom can interact with Co atom to form charge transfer complex, the work function and conductivity of the Co-La system could be simultaneously enhanced compared to Co or La-based HTLs. This Co-La system could also be applied into other OSCs to show high performance. All these results demonstrate that binary Co-La systems as HTL can efficiently tackle the issue in hole transporting and show powerful application in OSCs to replace PEDOT:PSS. 相似文献
34.
Keunjoo Kim Hong Seub Kim Hwack Joo Lee 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》1999,3(7-8):417-423
The thermionic hole emissions from a p-type Si0.67Ge0.33 quantum well with a width of 7 nm and a point defect were investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy. An activation
energy of 0.22 eV from the quantum well is consistent with the heavy hole level from the bottom of the well. The defect-related
band with an energy of 0.30 eV originated from the space charge related to the point defect in the vicinity of the quantum
well heterostructure. The origin of the point-defect-related band was confirmed by photoluminescence and the deep level was
further clarified by using capacitance-voltage measurements and simulation by introducing a simple model of an interfacial
hole trap center. The deep hole trap center apparently disappeared by an annealing effect, indicating that point defects are
subject to thermal annealing. The microscopic measurement provides evidence on point defects in the quantum well structure
and the thermal annealing also enhances the thermionic hole emission from the quantum well structure.
Received: 22 August 1998 /Accepted: 15 February 1999 相似文献
35.
《Opto-Electronics Review》2019,27(2):137-142
Three low molecular weight compounds bearing carbazole units (1,6-di{3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl]carbazol-9-yl}hexane and 9,9'-di{6-[3-(2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl)-9-carbazol-9-yl]hexyl}-[3,3']bicarbazole) and phenoxazine structure (10-butyl-3,7-diphenylphenoxazine) were tested as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. Two of them were successfully applied as hole transporting layers in electroluminescent light emitted diodes. The examined compounds were high-thermally stable with decomposition temperature found at the range of 280–419 °C. Additionally, DSC measurement revealed that they can be converted into amorphous materials. The compounds possess adequate ionization potentials, to perovskite energy levels, being in the range of 5.15–5.36 eV. The significant increase in power conversion efficiency from 1.60% in the case of a device without hole-transporting layer, to 5.31% for device with 1,6-di{3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl]carbazol-9- yl}hexane was observed. 相似文献
36.
空穴注入层对有机发光二极管的性能有重要的影响,尤其是当器件中的空穴传输材料的最高占据分子轨道能级较深的时候。近年来有许多关于新型的溶液法空穴注入材料的研究。在本文中,我们对溶液法MoO3薄膜使用了三种不同的处理方法来研究其对空穴注入性能的影响,即:在空气中150 ℃退火;在空气中150 ℃退火再紫外臭氧处理(UVO) 15 min;只进行UVO处理15 min。结果发现当MoO3薄膜在空气中150 ℃退火后,器件的电流最小,空穴注入能力最差。而当MoO3薄膜经过UVO处理后,器件的电流显著增大,工作电压大幅下降,器件性能接近于蒸镀的MoO3薄膜的器件。更惊喜的是,这种改善在MoO3薄膜仅作UVO处理后也可获得。经定量计算发现MoO3薄膜经过UVO处理后的空穴注入效率能提高到约0.1。XPS分析表明通过UVO处理后,MoO3薄膜中Mo5+成分减少并且薄膜表面的富氧吸附物被有效地消除,使得其化学计量基本与蒸镀的MoO3薄膜相同。基于这种经UVO处理的溶液法MoO3作为空穴注入层,器件的最大电流效率可达到48.3 cd∙A−1。 相似文献
37.
为改善量子点发光二极管器件载流子注入平衡,提出一种量子点发光二极管各功能层厚度的确定方法.首先选定量子点发光层厚度,基于隧穿模型进行仿真分析确定电子传输层厚度;然后采用空间电荷限制电流模型进行仿真分析确定空穴传输层厚度.采用CdSe/ZnS量子点作为发光层、poly-TPD作为空穴传输层、Alq_3作为电子传输层,按照该方法仿真分析得到各功能层厚度进行旋涂-蒸镀法实物器件制备.对比实验结果表明:当poly-TPD、QDs及Alq_3厚度分别为45nm、25nm及35nm时,获得了较高的发光效率及色纯度,器件性能最好.该方法确定的各功能层厚度有助于减少载流子在发光界面积累,获得载流子的注入平衡,从而改善QLEDs发光性能. 相似文献
38.
D’Addato et al. [S. D’Addato, P. Luches, R. Gotter, L. Floreano, D. Cvetko, A. Morgante, A. Newton, D. Martin, P. Unsworth, P. Weightman, Surf. Rev. Lett. 9 (2002) 709] studied the variation with Fe coverages in the relative Fe L3-M4,5M4,5 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) spectral satellite intensity of ultrathin Fe films grown on Cu(1 0 0) by sweeping photon excitation energy through the Fe L2-level ionization threshold. They interpreted that the M4,5 hole in the L3M4,5 double-hole state created by the L2-L3M4,5 Coster–Kronig (CK) decay remains localized for longer than the L3-hole lifetime for the 0.3 and 10 ML coverages but has a lifetime comparable to the L3-hole lifetime for the 1 ML coverages. The present many-body theory shows that when the M4,5 hole created either by the CK decay or by the L3M4,5 shakeoff hops away from the ionized atomic site and becomes completely screened out prior to the L3-hole decay, the Fe L2-L3M4,5-L3-M4,5M4,5 AES main line as well as the Fe L3 M4,5 (satellite)-L3-M4,5M4,5 one, both of which are identical in line shape to the Fe L3-M4,5M4,5 one, dominate in the Fe CK preceded AES spectrum. The present analysis shows that the delocalization time of the M4,5 hole created in the 1 ML Fe/Cu(1 0 0) system by the L2-L3M4,5 CK decay is much shorter than the L3-hole lifetime so that the Fe L3-M4,5M4,5 AES spectral line shape hardly changes, except for the presence of a very weak spectator L2-L3M4,5-M4,5M4,5M4,5 AES satellite, when the photon excitation energy is swept through the Fe L2-level ionization threshold. For the 0.3 ML coverages the M4,5-hole delocalization time is still shorter than the L3-hole lifetime. 相似文献
39.
G. Dautcourt 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2009,41(6):1437-1454
Roy P. Kerr has discovered his celebrated metric 45 years ago, yet the problem to find a generalization of the Schwarzschild metric for a rotating mass was faced much earlier. Lense and Thirring, Bach, Andress, Akeley, Lewis, van Stockum and others have tried to solve it or to find an approximative solution at least. In particular Achilles Papapetrou, from 1952 to 1961 in Berlin, was interested in an exact solution. He directed the author in the late autumn of 1959 to work on the problem. Why did these pre-Kerr attempts fail? Comments based on personal reminiscences and old notes. 相似文献
40.
孔助光纤(Hole-assisted lightguide fiber)色散和双折射特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过改变包层中空气孔的参数,孔助光纤(hole-assisted lightguide fiber)具有比传统光纤更容易调节的色散和双折射特性.采用有限差分法研究了包层空气孔数目、大小和位置等参数对孔助光纤色散和双折射特性的影响.数值计算结果表明:增加空气孔的数目和尺寸以及减小空气孔到纤芯的距离都能够使得零色散向短波长方向移动,减小空气孔与纤芯的距离有助于获得更大的双折射. 相似文献