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161.
The ratio between the numbers of structural formulas of C,H,N,O-containing energetic compounds belonging to the classes of fuels (low values of the oxygen coefficientA), explosives (mediumA), and oxidants (highA values) was studied by a computer generation procedure. The number of the theoretically possible structural formulas was found to decrease rapidly on going from fuels to explosives and then to oxidants; this observation agrees with the data on the numbers of various energetic compounds currently used and proposed. The strategy of the search for new compounds with the specified properties is described in brief, and its applicability to the search for explosives and oxidants with a small (up to 12) number of atoms in a molecule is evaluated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1304–1310, July, 1998.  相似文献   
162.
Dielectric studies have been performed at elevated pressures on two compounds of a homologous series possessing a strongly polar terminal group and three phenyl rings in their molecular structure. This is the first high pressure dielectric study on such systems that exhibit a monolayer smectic A phase. Also notable is the fact that these compounds show a dual frequency response, a promising feature for fast liquid crystal display devices. The low frequency relaxation recorded in the nematic and smectic A phases is attributed to the reorientation of the molecules about the short axis. The temperature and pressure dependence of the relaxation frequency of this mode as well as the involved activation parameters are discussed. At a given relative temperature the relaxation frequency decreases as the pressure is increased. However, the parameter that characterizes the temperature dependences of the relaxation frequency, viz., the activation enthalpy, has a very weak dependence on pressure. In contrast, the activation volume shows a linear decrease with temperature.  相似文献   
163.
Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) has been applied to the separation of some UV filters (Eusolex 4360, Eusolex 6300, Eusolex OCR, Eusolex 2292, Eusolex 6007, Eusolex 9020, Eusolex HMS, Eusolex OS, and Eusolex 232) commonly used in sunscreen lotions. Use of a MEEKC buffer with a mixed surfactant system to stabilize the oil droplets and an organic modifier in the aqueous phase allowed separation of most of the selected analytes in a single run in a system fitted with a diode array detector recording three wavelengths (240 nm, 300 nm, and 380 nm) simultaneously. The microemulsion employed consisted of 2.25 g of SDS, 0.75 g of Brij 35, 6.6 g 1‐butanol, 0.8 g n‐octane, 17.5 g 2‐propanol, and 72.1 g of 10 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). Detection limits from 0.65 to 6.0 μg/mL were obtained and the calibration plots were linear over at least one order of magnitude for all analytes. The developed method could be applied to the determination of UV filters in several sun protection products including lotions, milks, and oils. Comparison of the obtained data with those from an HPLC method described in the literature showed acceptable agreement.  相似文献   
164.
Spectral quantities of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclohexane, and of several derivatives, have been calculated by a semiempirical all-valence electron SCF-CI MO method. In cyclopropane, HOMO is practically localized in the carbon-frame, and LVMO is purely so. In cyclobutane, these two MO's are based on C-H bonds, while cyclohexane holds an intermediate position. Despite the overall similarity-experimental and computed-of the spectra of these molecules, assignments are non-parallel. Like cyclopropane, cyclobutane can extend conjugation, but to a diminished degree; cyclohexane behaves in this respect like an acyclic alkane. An interpretation of this gradation, in terms of the nature of high-lying MO's, is proposed.  相似文献   
165.
The activity of cellulase has traditionally been described by pH and temperature; however, the buffering medium is also an important factor, Taking plain water as a reference medium, three kinds of buffer including KH2PO4/K5HPO4, citric acid/sodium citrate, and acetic acid/sodium acetate were adopted to survey their effects on the activity of cellulase. Chromatographic assays indicated that xylose, glucose, and cellobiose were the major products and that minor products such as cellotriose and cellotetraose were present in some cases. The activities of cellulase based on glucose production showed that the phosphate buffer acted as a deactivator for cellulase and each of the two organic acid buffers acted as activators for cellulase. The concentration of activation buffer should be high to reach a high cellulase activity; however, this effect would be compensated for by the product inhibition of cellulase. The highest activity obtained was 4.16 ± 0.08 (× 10?3) IU mg?1 for the citric acid/sodium citrate buffer under pH 4.80, 40 °C and an agitation speed of 150 rpm.  相似文献   
166.
High temperature liquid water (HTLW), as an environmentally benign medium, has drawn increasing attention for organic chemical reactions and biomass conversion1-3. HTLW has a strong tendency to ionize and can act as an acid and/or base catalyst. In addition, HTLW can dissolve organic compounds to some extent allowing for a homogenous reaction within an aqueous phase. Extensive researches4-10 have been pursued on acid/base-catalysis reactions in HTLW without addition of acid or base. Howe…  相似文献   
167.
The predictive accuracy for estimating infinite dilution activity coefficients by a modification of the UNIFAC method wherein the group interaction parameters were based on only data (referred to as -based UNIFAC) has been studied. Estimates and measured values were compared for six prototypical solutes in a series of homologous n-alkanes, l-alcohols and alkanenitrile solvents. Despite the fact that the interaction parameters were derived using only data, this approach still gave serious errors due to several inherent problems in the original UNIFAC model. Its performance is sometimes even poorer than that of the original UNIFAC method. For example for nitromethane in alcohols and p-dioxane in nitriles values predicted by the -based UNIFAC are essentially zero. The large errors for these systems are most likely due to inaccurate interaction parameters in the -based UNIFAC method.  相似文献   
168.
侯经国  王亚丽 《分析化学》1998,26(3):298-302
在自制的硅基纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)高效液相色谱手性固定相上(HPLC-CSP),优化了1-(6'-甲氧基萘)乙醇氢酯基化反应产物-萘普生甲酯手性分离的条件,测定了相应的一系列不对称氢酯基化反应产物的对映体过剩值(e.e.值)。结果表明,在CDMPC-CSP手性柱上用HPLC测定此类不对称催化反应的光学产率,评价催化剂体系的手性选择是一种非常理想的方法。  相似文献   
169.
高分辨等离子体质谱法直接测定高纯镓中的痕量元素   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
谢华林  聂西度  唐有根 《分析化学》2006,34(11):1570-1574
建立高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)测定高纯镓样品中Be、Mg、A l、S i、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、N i、Cu、Zn、Ge、As、Mo、Ag、Cd、In、Sb、Ba、Pb、B i等痕量元素的方法。样品用HNO3 HC l经微波消解后,试液直接进样用HR-ICP-MS法同时测定上述元素,在高分辨质谱测量模式下避免了大量的质谱干扰,详细地研究了HC l和高纯镓所产生的基体效应,以Sc、Rh、Tl作为内标元素校正了基体效应,讨论和确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,23种痕量元素的检出限在0.001~0.21μg/L之间;回收率在89.8%~111.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3.3%。  相似文献   
170.
使用疏水作用色谱研究蛋白质的构象变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郭立安  常建华 《分析化学》1993,21(7):808-810
研究了高效疏水作用液相色谱中(HIC)色谱条件改变对蛋白质构象的影响。发现固定相配体的疏水性、温度及流动相中盐的阴离子、阳离子和pH值都影响蛋白质的构象。  相似文献   
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