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101.
为了研究适合激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)检测猪肉中重金属铅(Pb)元素含量的光谱预处理方法,将配制的84个猪肉腿肌样品分为校正集和预测集,以相关系数(R)、内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)和预测均方根误差(RMSEP)作为评价指标,比较了5种光谱预处理方法对偏最小二乘法(PLS)建模预测效果的影响.结果表明,多元散射校正(MSC)预处理效果最好,定标模型预测值与实验室分析元素检测值的相关系数(R)达到0.9908,RMSECV为0.302,RMSEP为0.282,主成分数为16,18个预测集样品的验证结果的平均相对预测误差(ARPE)为7.8%.说明MSC是LIBS检测猪肉Pb含量的有效光谱预处理方法,该研究为进一步实现食品中重金属快速定量分析提供了方法和数据参考. 相似文献
102.
103.
三种消解方法在测定近海沉积物中Pb、 Cu、 Cd、 Hg及As的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
常压湿式消解、高压微波消解、常压微波消解3种方法被应用于近海沉积物中Pb、 Cu、 Cd、 Hg、 As 5种重金属元素的分析. 以近海海洋沉积物标准物质为样品经3种方法消解后, 通过石墨炉原子吸收法测定Pb、 Cu、 Cd和氢化物发生原子荧光法同时测定Hg、 As. 结果表明, 样品经常压湿式消解, 其Pb、 Cu、 Cd回收率在80%~123%内而Hg、 As回收率低;经高压微波消解, 标样中Pb、 Cu、 Cd、 As回收率在84%~117%内, 对Hg测定回收率偏低;常压微波消解更适合于Cu、 Cd、 Hg、 As的消解, 其回收率在95%~121%之间而Pb回收率低于42.4%. 常压湿式消解与常压微波消解被用于大亚湾人工渔礁区沉积物样品的处理, 有较好的测定结果. 相似文献
104.
105.
Rice Bran as an Excellent Sorbent for Heavy Metals from Aqueous Media, 1. Optimization of Conditions
In this two‐part report, the efficiency of rice bran in removal of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, copper and iron(III) from aqueous solution is investigated. The different experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, volume of solution, bran amount, particle size, exchange time, stirring speed, etc. are studied, and the optimum conditions are selected in part 1 of this series of reports. The efficiency of bran in removal of heavy metals is presented with and without treatments. For treatment, heat or acid, alkali and salt solutions were used. The results obtained show that after treating with saturated sodium chloride solution, its efficiency for Ni2+ and Zn2+ improves. At pH 5, all studied cations have recoveries more than 93% (lead and cadmium 100%). The exchange speed is very high and has preference over the classical ion exchangers. 相似文献
106.
生物修复技术在重金属污染治理中的应用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
随着工业的发展,重金属对环境的污染越来越引起人们的关注。生物修复技术以其投资少、效率高、可以原位修复低浓度有害污染物的特性而在环境污染治理中发挥了巨大的作用,自上世纪80年代产生以来,得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文简要介绍了几种生物修复技术在污染治理中的应用,以期进一步推动重金属污染的治理和修复工作。 相似文献
107.
利用2,3-二苯基喹喔啉和氯亚铂酸钾(K2PtCl4)反应,合成了一种新型喹喔啉铂的配合物(DPQ)Pt(acac),通过元素分析,1HNMR测定对配合物结构进行了表征,结果显示得到的是目标化合物.利用紫外光谱和荧光光谱对配合物进行了研究.利用该材料作为磷光染料制备了结构为ITO/NPB(21nm)/NPB∶7%(DPQ)Pt(acac)(17.5nm)/BCP(7nm)/Alq3(21nm)/Mg∶Ag(10∶1)(120nm)/Ag(10nm)的有机电致发光器件(OLED).结果表明,该配合物在442和485nm处存在单重态1MLCT(金属到配体的电荷跃迁)和三重态3MLCT的吸收峰;在632nm处有较强的金属配合物三重态的磷光发射;该器件的启动电压是5.0V,器件的最大亮度为1516cd·m-2,外量子效率为0.66%,流明效率为0.26lm·W-1,是一种红色磷光材料. 相似文献
108.
109.
The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this study, the adsorption behavior of natural (clinoptilolite) zeolites with respect to Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ has been studied in order to consider its application to purity metal finishing wastewaters. The batch method has been employed, using metal concentrations in solution ranging from 100 to 400 mg/l. The percentage adsorption and distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. In the ion exchange evaluation part of the study, it is determined that in every concentration range, adsorption ratios of clinoptilolite metal cations match to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich (DKR) adsorption isotherm data, adding to that every cation exchange capacity metals has been calculated. It was found that the adsorption phenomena depend on charge density and hydrated ion diameter. According to the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence can be given as Co2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Mn2+. These results show that natural zeolites hold great potential to remove cationic heavy metal species from industrial wastewater. 相似文献
110.
An X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method for the rapid and non-destructive analysis of 30 non-organic elements in plant leaves over five orders of magnitude concentration from several percentage of dry weight to sub-milligram per kilogram, is described. There is a growing need for a simple method of monitoring non-organic trace elements in plant material, especially those which accumulate in soils with application of fertilisers, both inorganic and biosolids. Earlier attempts to use XRF for the analysis of plant material suffered from sensitivity loss due to the high background of organic matrices caused by scattering of the X-ray source. We overcome this by using polarised X-ray sources in a Cartesian geometrical arrangement with sample and energy dispersive detector (EDPXRF), a configuration which can achieve an order of magnitude reduction in background compared with unpolarised sources. Further sensitivity gains are made using a high power tube as a source of primary X-rays and for some analytes employing secondary targets for near-monochromatic excitation. Sample preparation is simple involving only pulverising and briquetting of dried samples. Accuracy is evaluated by comparing data obtained for the suite of NIST plant leaf samples (NIST 1515 apple leaves, NIST 1547 peach leaves, NIST 1570a spinach leaves, NIST 1573a tomato leaves and NIST 1575a pine needles) and tobacco leaf standards CTA-OTL-1 and CTA-VTL-2. The data compare well over the whole concentration range and the method provides a rapid analytical tool for monitoring potentially toxic trace elements in all types of foliage with adequate sensitivity for many purposes. 相似文献