Acoustic Analyses of Developmental Changes and Emotional Expression in the Preverbal Vocalizations of Infants

The nonverbal vocal utterances of seven normally hearing infants were studied within their first year of life with respect to age- and emotion-related changes. Supported by a multiparametric acoustic analysis it was possible to distinguish one inspiratory and eleven expiratory call types. Most of the call types appeared within the first two months; some emerged in the majority of infants not until the 5th (“laugh”) or 7th month (“babble”). Age-related changes in acoustic structure were found in only 4 call types (“discomfort cry,” “short discomfort cry,” “wail,” “moan”). The acoustic changes were characterized mainly by an increase in harmonic-to-noise ratio and homogeneity of the call, a decrease in frequency range and a downward shift of acoustic energy from higher to lower frequencies. Emotion-related differences were found in the acoustic structure of single call types as well as in the frequency of occurrence of different call types. A change from positive to negative emotional state was accompanied by an increase in call duration, frequency range, and peak frequency (frequency with the highest amplitude within the power spectrum). Negative emotions, in addition, were characterized by a significantly higher rate of “crying,” “hic” and “ingressive vocalizations” than positive emotions, while positive emotions showed a significantly higher rate of “babble,” “laugh,” and “raspberry.”     

受乳糖启动子控制的基因表达过程的优化

借助于ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析方法，对乳糖诱导的由乳糖启动子控制的大肠杆菌ＲＮＡ聚合酶σ７０因子基因表达过程进行了优化研究．结果表明，含此融合基因的大肠杆菌菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ｐＧＥＭＤ的生长量达到ＯＤ６００ｎｍ＝１．０时，用终浓度为０．０８％的乳糖进行连续５ｈ的诱导，可使大肠杆菌ＲＮＡ聚合酶σ７０因子基因的表达量达到最大，并达到ＩＰＴＧ同样的诱导效果．流加低浓度的乳糖溶液能增加σ７０因子的合成量，但是促进作用不很显著．     

B组轮状病毒WH-1株nsp2基因的原核表达与抗体制备

根据B组轮状病毒(GBRV)WH-1株nsp2基因的全序列,设计引物,用PCR的方法扩增得到nsp2基因的编码区.将其片段克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-KG上,经IPTG诱导,在E.coliDH5α菌株中得到高效表达.表达的GST融合蛋白大小为61×103,经SDS-PAGE分离纯化,免疫小白鼠制备了多克隆抗体.抗体经1∶3 000倍稀释后用于Western Blot分析,获得特异性显色信号.所表达的蛋白和制备的抗体可用于蛋白结构和功能的进一步研究.     

Noisy scale-free networks

The impact of observational noise on the analysis of scale-free networks is studied. Various noise sources are modeled as random link removal, random link exchange and random link addition. Emphasis is on the resulting modifications for the node-degree distribution and for a functional ranking based on betweenness centrality. The implications for estimated gene-expressed networks for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed.     

中国人CD59cDNA克隆、序列分析及其表达

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法从中国人胚胎总ｍＲＮＡ中扩增出４２０ｂｐ人补体终末阶段同源限制因子（ＣＤ５９）的ｃＤＮＡ，序列分析结果表明，所获得的ＣＤ５９ｃＤＮＡ与文献报道中的基因序列完全一致，含ＣＤ５９全长编码区．构建了真核表达质粒，在３Ｔ３细胞中得到了表达．     

向量微分算子的自伴扩张

本文推广应用[2～4]的方法,讨论向量微分算子在一般情况下的自拌扩张问题,给出了形式对称向量微分表达式一切自拌扩张的直接而完全的描述,完善了[1]中的的结果。     

On the number of registers needed to evaluate arithmetic expressions

The question of how many temporary storage registers are needed to evaluate compiled arithmetic and masking expressions is discussed. It is assumed that any combination of left-to-right, right-to-left, top-to-bottom, and bottom-to-top techniques may be used to evaluate an expression, but that no factoring or re-arranging of the expression may occur. On this basis, the maximum number of registers needed to evaluate nonparenthesized expressions isN+1, withN the number of dyadic operator precedence levels. For parenthesized expressions with a maximum ofK nested parenthetical subexpressions, the maximum number of registers needed is (K+1)N+1.     

A proof of Hamblin's algorithm for translation of arithmetic expressions from infix to postfix form

We show that a particular algorithm for the translation of arithmetic expressions in infix form into postfix form is correct. The method used is ad hoc, in contrast to other work in this field, and it is hoped that this in itself is of interest.Work carried out at the University of Leeds, England.     

包括原子间相互作用时的Kubo关系

广义朗之万方程中记忆函数是一个重要变量。当不明确考虑原子问相互作用时，Ｋｕｂｏ表达式给出了总力相关函数的拉氏变换与记忆函数的拉民变换之间的关系。文中推广了Ｋｕｂｏ关系式，它可以应用于明确考虑了原子间相互作用时的情形。     

逻辑函数的减-非和除-非展开式的最小化方法

讨论了布尔减和布尔除的定义以及逻辑函数在布尔减及非运算、布尔除及非运算完备集中的展开,给出了减-非和除-非逻辑函数的化简公式.在此基础上提出了减-非和除-非逻辑函数的代数化简法以及图形化简法,并给出了化简实例.实例验证了上述化简方法的有效性.