A new method of noncontact gauge block calibration using the fringe counting technique: II. Experimental verification

An experimental verification of a new noncontact interference method for gauge block or length bar calibration is presented. In this technique, the length of the tested artifact is measured by means of the counting fringe method. A new technique for central interference fringe detection is used for evaluation of the end surface positions of the measured artifact. The experimental set-up and length measurement procedure are described. Preliminary experimental results and uncertainty analysis of the proposed method are presented.     

A conformal gauge mediation and dark matter with only one mass parameter

If the supersymmetry (SUSY) is a solution to the hierarchy problem, it is puzzling that any SUSY particle has not been discovered yet. We show that there is a low-scale conformal gauge mediation model which contains all necessary ingredients, i.e. not only a SUSY-breaking dynamics and a gauge mediation mechanism, but also a candidate for the dark matter. The model has only one free mass parameter, that is, the mass for messengers. In this model, the dark matter is provided by a composite particle in the SUSY-breaking sector, and the observed value of the dark matter density uniquely fixes the mass of messengers at the order of 10² TeV. Then, the sfermion and gaugino masses are fixed to be of order ¹⁰²–¹⁰³ GeV${10}^2\text{–}{10}^3\text{GeV}$ without any arbitrariness, thus the SUSY particles are expected not to be discovered at the Tevatron or LEP, while having a discovery possibility at the LHC.     

Three-flavor quark mass dependence of baryon spectra in holographic QCD

We introduce the strange quark mass to the Sakai–Sugimoto model of holographic QCD. We compute mass shifts in the spectra of three-flavor baryons at the leading order in perturbation in quark masses. Comparison with experimental data shows an agreement only qualitatively.     

Topological mass generation four-dimensional gauge theory

The Lagrangian of non-Abelian tensor gauge fields describes the interaction of the Yang–Mills and massless tensor bosons of increasing helicities. We have found a metric-independent gauge invariant density which is a four-dimensional analog of the Chern–Simons density. The Lagrangian augmented by this Chern–Simons-like invariant describes massive Yang–Mills boson, providing a gauge-invariant mass gap for a four-dimensional gauge field theory. We present invariant densities which can provide masses to the high-rank tensor bosons.     

Effective field theory analysis on μ problem in low-scale gauge mediation

Supersymmetric models based on the scenario of gauge mediation often suffer from the well-known μ problem. In this paper, we reconsider this problem in low-scale gauge mediation in terms of effective field theory analysis. In this paradigm, all high energy input soft mass can be expressed via loop expansions. If the corrections coming from messenger thresholds are small, as we assume in this letter, then all RG evaluations can be taken as linearly approximation for low-scale supersymmetric breaking. Due to these observations, the parameter space can be systematically classified and studied after constraints coming from electro-weak symmetry breaking are imposed. We find that some old proposals in the literature are reproduced, and two new classes are uncovered. We refer to a microscopic model, where the specific relations among coefficients in one of the new classes are well motivated. Also, we discuss some primary phenomenologies.     

The double copy: gravity from gluons

Three of the four fundamental forces in nature are described by so-called gauge theories, which include the effects of both relativity and quantum mechanics. Gravity, on the other hand, is described by General Relativity, and the lack of a well-behaved quantum theory – believed to be relevant at the centre of black holes, and at the Big Bang itself – remains a notorious unsolved problem. Recently a new correspondence, the double copy, has been discovered between scattering amplitudes (quantities related to the probability for particles to interact) in gravity, and their gauge theory counterparts. This has subsequently been extended to other quantities, providing gauge theory analogues of e.g. black holes. We here review current research on the double copy, and describe some possible applications.     

Wilson loops in warped resolved deformed conifolds

We calculate quark–antiquark potentials using the relationship between the expectation value of the Wilson loop and the action of a probe string in the string dual. We review and categorise the possible forms of the dependence of the energy on the separation between the quarks. In particular, we examine the possibility of there being a minimum separation for probe strings which do not penetrate close to the origin of the bulk space, and derive a condition which determines whether this is the case. We then apply these considerations to the flavoured resolved deformed conifold background of Gaillard et al. (2010) [8]. We suggest that the unusual behaviour that we observe in this solution is likely to be related to the IR singularity which is not present in the unflavoured case.     

CHIRAL RING OF Sp（N） AND SO（N） SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE THEORY IN FOUR DIMENSIONS＊＊

The chiral ring of classical supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group Sp(N) or SO(N) is computed, extending previous work (of Cachazo, Douglas, Seiberg, and the author) for SU(N). The result is that, as has been conjectured, the ring is generated by the usual glueball superfield S - Tr WαWα, with the relation Sh = 0, h being the dual Coxeter number. Though this proposition has important implications for the behavior of the quantum theory, the statement and (for the most part) the proofs amount to assertions about Lie groups with no direct reference to gauge theory.     

Visualizing color plasma instabilities

I discuss recent advances in the understanding of non-equilibrium gauge field dynamics in plasmas which have particle distributions which are locally anisotropic in momentum space. In contrast to locally isotropic plasmas such anisotropic plasmas have a spectrum of soft unstable modes which are characterized by exponential growth of transverse (chromo)-magnetic fields at short times. The long-time behavior of such instabilities depends on whether or not the gauge group is Abelian or non-Abelian. I will report on recent numerical simulations which attempt to determine the long-time behavior of an anisotropic non-Abelian plasma within hard-loop effective theory. For novelty I will present an interesting method for visualizing the time dependence of SU(2) gauge field configurations produced during our numerical simulations.     

Coherent phonon dynamics of normal metal in ultrafast spectroscopy: Non-equilibrium gauge invariant Green's function approach

The phonon dynamics of normal metal in the coherent regime of ultrafast spectroscopy is studied based on the non-equilibrium gauge invariant Green's function method. The non-equilibrium phonon self-energy is computed explicitly as a function of time in a gauge invariant way up to the second order of electric field of applied laser pulse. The extension beyond the coherent regime and the incorporation of correlation effects are discussed.