首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   12139篇
  免费   744篇
  国内免费   290篇
化学   1373篇
晶体学   31篇
力学   1135篇
综合类   167篇
数学   8787篇
物理学   1680篇
  2024年   22篇
  2023年   106篇
  2022年   342篇
  2021年   342篇
  2020年   235篇
  2019年   226篇
  2018年   248篇
  2017年   353篇
  2016年   344篇
  2015年   256篇
  2014年   546篇
  2013年   666篇
  2012年   733篇
  2011年   621篇
  2010年   542篇
  2009年   732篇
  2008年   672篇
  2007年   760篇
  2006年   621篇
  2005年   519篇
  2004年   405篇
  2003年   373篇
  2002年   360篇
  2001年   368篇
  2000年   338篇
  1999年   256篇
  1998年   275篇
  1997年   242篇
  1996年   183篇
  1995年   196篇
  1994年   141篇
  1993年   125篇
  1992年   112篇
  1991年   97篇
  1990年   82篇
  1989年   72篇
  1988年   55篇
  1987年   42篇
  1986年   44篇
  1985年   101篇
  1984年   98篇
  1983年   33篇
  1982年   60篇
  1981年   52篇
  1980年   41篇
  1979年   46篇
  1978年   23篇
  1977年   29篇
  1976年   18篇
  1974年   5篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
101.
近些年来,许多处理近似问题的方法陆续被提出,其中利用Rough集理论计算两个集合的并和交的Rough隶属函数方法是被用较多的一种方法,但毕竟该方法精度较差。为此,介绍了一种精度较高的计算两个集合的并和交的Rough隶属函数方法,它克服了前者利用Rough集理论计算Rough隶属函数的复杂性,而迎来了简单和高精度的特点。  相似文献   
102.
Simultaneous Pseudo-Timestepping for PDE-Model Based Optimization Problems   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
In this paper we present a new method for the solution of optimization problems with PDE constraints. It is based on simultaneous pseudo-time stepping for evolution equations. The new method can be viewed as a continuous reduced SQP method in the sense that it uses a preconditioner derived from that method. The reduced Hessian in the preconditioner is approximated by a pseudo-differential operator, whose symbol can be investigated analytically. We apply our method to a boundary control model problem. The new optimization method needs 3.2-times the overall computational effort of the solution of simulation problem alone.  相似文献   
103.
A Finite Algorithm for Global Minimization of Separable Concave Programs   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Researchers first examined the problem of separable concave programming more than thirty years ago, making it one of the earliest branches of nonlinear programming to be explored. This paper proposes a new algorithm that finds the exact global minimum of this problem in a finite number of iterations. In addition to proving that our algorithm terminates finitely, the paper extends a guarantee of finiteness to all branch-and-bound algorithms for concave programming that (1) partition exhaustively using rectangular subdivisions and (2) branch on the incumbent solution when possible. The algorithm uses domain reduction techniques to accelerate convergence; it solves problems with as many as 100 nonlinear variables, 400 linear variables and 50 constraints in about five minutes on an IBM RS/6000 Power PC. An industrial application with 152 nonlinear variables, 593 linear variables, and 417 constraints is also solved in about ten minutes.  相似文献   
104.
A method of simulated annealing in optimization of a computer generated holo-gram(CGH)is presented.The characteristics of energy in annealing curve are analyzed.Thecooling schedule such as giving an initial temperature,the temperature function,the numberof interactions and stopping criterion are discussed.As an example,an optimization of phaserelief kinoform,a CGH with multiple phase levels,is implemented.  相似文献   
105.
Goldfarb and Hao (1990) have proposed a pivot rule for the primal network simplex algorithm that will solve a maximum flow problem on ann-vertex,m-arc network in at mostnm pivots and O(n 2 m) time. In this paper we describe how to extend the dynamic tree data structure of Sleator and Tarjan (1983, 1985) to reduce the running time of this algorithm to O(nm logn). This bound is less than a logarithmic factor larger than those of the fastest known algorithms for the problem. Our extension of dynamic trees is interesting in its own right and may well have additional applications.Research partially supported by a Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation, Grant No. CCR-8858097, an IBM Faculty Development Award, and AT&T Bell Laboratories.Research partially supported by the Office of Naval Research, Contract No. N00014-87-K-0467.Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. DCR-8605961, and the Office of Naval Research, Contract No. N00014-87-K-0467.  相似文献   
106.
Preparation of Papers   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
We motivate the study of a vector variational inequality by a practical flow equilibrium problem on a network, namely a generalization of the well-known Wardrop equilibrium principle. Both weak and strong forms of the vector variational inequality are discussed and their relationships to a vector optimization problem are established under various convexity assumptions.  相似文献   
107.
灰色模型的最优化及其参数的直接求法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于灰色模型的内涵表达式和白化方程响应式均为等比级数的观点,提出了一种不用求ago值、均值,不涉及灰色微分方程,白化微分方程概念,直接求灰色模型参数a,c的方法,通过此方法建立的新模型不仅从理论上可保证是在满足给定评价标准为模拟绝对误差平方和最小(或模拟相对误差平方和最小)、给定精度条件下的最优化模型,从而结束了灰色模型只有更优,没有最优的历史.并从理论上证明了新模型具有白化指数律重合性、白化系数律重合性,伸缩变换一致性.最后通过实例编程验证该方法具有可操作性,且预测精度高,效果好.  相似文献   
108.
By using cone-directed contingent derivatives, the unified necessary and suffi-cient optimality conditions are given for weakly and strongly minimal elements respectively in generalized preinvex set valued optimization.  相似文献   
109.
We consider a class of non-linear mixed integer programs with n integer variables and k continuous variables. Solving instances from this class to optimality is an NP-hard problem. We show that for the cases with k=1 and k=2, every optimal solution is integral. In contrast to this, for every k≥3 there exist instances where every optimal solution takes non-integral values. Received: August 2001 / Accepted: January 2002?Published online March 27, 2002  相似文献   
110.
A class of long-range predictive adaptive fuzzy relational controllers is presented. The plant behavior is described over an extended time horizon by a fuzzy relational model which is identified based on input-output closed-loop observations of the plant variables. In this class of adaptive controllers the control law attempts to minimize a quadratic cost over an extended control horizon. When used with linear models, this approach has revealed a significant potential for overcoming the limitations of one-step ahead schemes, such as the stabilization of non-minimum phase plants. Here, a uniform framework is adopted for implementing both the fuzzy model and the fuzzy controller, namely distributed fuzzy relational structures gaining from their massive parallel processing features and from the learning capabilities typical of the connectivist approaches. Issues such as maintenance during the adaptation process of the meaning of linguistic terms used at both fuzzy systems interfaces are addressed, namely by introducing a new design methodology for on-line fuzzy systems interface adaptation. The examples presented reinforce the claim of the usefulness of this new approach.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号