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141.
142.
P. De Bièvre 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2000,5(6):224-230
Traceability is a property of the result of a measurement. Since values carried by (reference) materials must also have been
obtained, of necessity, by measurement, the definition of traceability also applies to reference materials. It is extremely
helpful to give the traceability (of the origin) of a reference material a separate name, i.e. 'trackability'. An analysis
of the function of values carried by reference materials, shows that they can fulfill different functions, depending on the
intended use. One of the functions located outside the traceability chain – and hence not very relevant for establishing traceability
– is evaluating the approximate size of the uncertainty of the measurement of an unknown sample by performing a similar measurement
on a reference material, used as a 'simulated sample'. Another function is located inside the traceability chain, where the
reference material is used as an added 'internal standard'. Then, the value carried by the reference material is essential
for establishing the traceability of the measured value of an unknown sample. In the latter application, the reference material
acts as an 'amount standard' (the certified value for amount is used).
Received: 11 November 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000 相似文献
143.
144.
Preparation and Characterization of Microencapsulated Hexadecane Used for Thermal Energy Storage 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
GuangLongZOU ZhiChengTAN XiaoZhengLAN LiXianSUN TaoZHANG 《中国化学快报》2004,15(6):729-732
Polyurea microcapsules about 2.5μm in diameter containing phase change material for thermal energy storage application were synthesized and characterized by interfacial polycondensation method with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine as monomers in an emulsion system. Hexadecane was used as a phase change material and OP, which is nonionic surfactant, and used as an emulsifier. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the microcapsules were investigated by FTIR and thermal analysis respectively. The results show encapsulated hexadecane has a good potential as a solar energy storage material. 相似文献
145.
FuShengWANG BingKuiSONG XiaoLiHAN BaoGuiZHANG 《中国化学快报》2004,15(12):1487-1490
Black lead, Ti-Ru and Ti-PbO2 were used as anode and stainless steel was used as cathode The electrolytic process of producing hypophosphorous acid with four-compartment electrodialytic cell was studied. The comparison of some factors, such as anodic voltage, product concentration and current efficiency, of black lead, Ti-Ru, and Ti-PbO2 electrodes was conducted. As a result, theTi-PbO2 electrode is the optimal anode material used, it can be in electrolytic process for producing hypophosphorous acid. 相似文献
146.
Matthieu Baudelet Myriam Boueri Jin Yu Samuel S. Mao Vincent Piscitelli Xianglei Mao Richard E. Russo 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2007,62(12):1329-1334
Ultraviolet pulses (266 nm) delivered by a quadrupled Nd:YAG laser were used to analyze organic samples with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We present characteristics of the spectra obtained from organic samples with special attentions on the emissions of organic elements, O and N, and molecular bonds CN. The choice of these atomic or molecular species is justified on one hand, by the importance of these species to specify organic or biological materials; and on the other hand by the possible interferences with ambient air when laser ablation takes place in the atmosphere. Time-resolved LIBS was used to determine the time-evolution of line intensity emitted from these species. We demonstrate different kinetic behaviors corresponding to different origins of emitters: native atomic or molecular species directly vaporized from the sample or those generated through dissociation or recombination due to interaction between laser-induced plasma and air molecules. Our results show the ability of time-resolved UV-LIBS for detection and identification of native atomic or molecular species from an organic sample. 相似文献
147.
Hyungrak Kim 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(6):1935-1939
The compound Ca14MnP11 crystallizes in the Ca14AlSb11 structure type with the tetragonal space group I41/acd (Z=8) and lattice parameters of , c=20.7565(9) at 90 K. The structure consists of MnP49− tetrahedron, P37− trimer, 4 P3− isolated anions and 14 Ca2+ cations. Similar to other compounds of this structure type containing phosphorous, the P37− trimer has a central P atom that is best modeled in the structure as being equally split between two sites. In addition, there is no additional distortion of the manganese-containing tetrahedron compared with the main group analog, Ca14GaP11, suggesting that the Mn oxidation state is Mn2+. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility shows that the compound is paramagnetic over the entire temperature range measured (2-300 K). The data can be fit with a modified Curie-Weiss law and provide an effective magnetic moment of 5.80 (2) B.M. with a Weiss constant of −2.13(2) K and . This moment is significantly higher than those measured for any of the Mn-containing analogs and is consistent with Mn2+. This result will be discussed in light of the electron counting scheme for Mn compounds of the Ca14AlSb11 structure-type. 相似文献
148.
E. I. Kachibaya R. A. Imnadze T. V. Paikidze R. A. Akhvlediani 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2006,42(11):1224-1234
Extralithiated chromium-doped finely divided lithium-manganese spinels are synthesized as a result of a two-step solid-phase process with use made of the fusion-saturation method. The spinels are intended for application as cathodic materials in lithium-ion batteries. The phase composition and structural characteristics of samples of cathodic materials of the type Li x Mn2?y Cr y O4 are studied. The samples with x = 1.0?1.2 and y = 0?0.5 are characterized by phase purity and cubic syngony with parameter a = 0.817?0.823 nm and a disperseness equal to 1–2 nm. The maximum content of chromium and lithium in Li x Mn2?y Cr y O4 that does not lead to violation of cubic syngony is determined. Lithium excess in the cathodic material that does not exceed 0.2 formula units may be used for compensating the irreversible capacity. Replacing some manganese atoms by chromium may facilitate retention of the structures’s integrity in the course of cycling. 相似文献
149.
环状芴基张力半导体由于其特殊的分子结构,发射状排布的p轨道和纳米级空腔等诸多特点,引起了科学家广泛的关注.相对于直链型芴基半导体,环状芴基张力半导体展现出独特的光电性质.然而,迄今为止其振动性质没有被报道.对四元环芴的晶体与直链四聚芴粉末样品进行拉曼光谱表征和归一化处理,并结合理论计算.结果表明,与直链寡聚芴相比,环芴类似于碳纳米管的G峰发生了偏移,并且低频区域拉曼频移峰的峰强增加.其原因是由于张力的引入,改变了芴基主链的骨架和电子结构,加强芴骨架上π电子离域,同时使环芴中每个芴单元都参与到振动中.该研究结果为芴基张力半导体材料拉曼光谱的研究提供了一定的工作基础. 相似文献
150.
有机-无机纳米复合材料的研究在当前纳米科学技术的发展中占有重要地位,开创了材料与催化科学研究的新纪元。自从10年前首次合成纳米孔无机材料MCM-41至今,该领域研究不断深入,已展现出广阔的应用前景。当客体有机分子分散于纳米孔道内部时,其分子性质将产生明显变化。本文结合作者近期研究成果,力图从实验与理论两方面阐明在纳米复合体系中客体分子性质变化的原因。 相似文献