Finite element analysis of flow and heat transfer with moving free surface using fixed grid system

A numerical study was performed on flow and heat transfer involving moving free surfaces that occurs in mold filling processes such as casting and injection molding. In these problems, the calculation domain changes continuously and the numerical treatment of the moving interface tends to cause artificial diffusion. Among the solution algorithms based on the Eulerian method, the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method was used because the method is simple and efficient in handling the complex flow patterns inside the cavity. To solve the transport equation of free surface without artificial smearing of the interface the baby-cell method was employed in the geometric reconstruction of the free surface. Furthermore, a predictor–corrector method was adopted in the time integration of volume-of-fluid (VOF) transport equation to increase the accuracy. The proposed scheme was verified through several benchmark problems. In order to show the capability of the proposed method, several three-dimensional mold filling processes were solved. The current algorithm was applied to the floating body problem. Three-dimensional floating body problems were tested.     

Inhomogeneous phase separation kinetics in liquid binary mixtures: Sensitivity to initial local composition 2

The kinetics of phase separation subsequent to a finite temperature quench is assumed to be driven by diffusion on the altered free energy surface and is generally assumed to be slow. The situation can be different in phase separating liquid binary mixtures, especially for systems characterized by the large difference in mutual interactions between solute and solvent molecules. In such cases, the phase separation kinetics could be fast and may get completed within a short time (ns) scale. As a result, in these systems, one may observe diverse dynamical features arising out of local heterogeneity leading to the onset of phase separation through pattern formation, spinodal decomposition, nucleation, and growth. By using a coarse-grained analysis, we examine phase separation kinetics in each spatial grid and indeed observe important effects of initial heterogeneity on the subsequent evolution. Interestingly, we observe slower separation kinetics for those regions that correspond to the composition at the minimum of the high-temperature surface. The heterogeneous dynamics has been captured here through the non-linear susceptibility function, which shows a pattern similar to what is observed in the supercooled liquid. Each grid shows somewhat different dynamics in the three-stage (exponential, power-law, and logarithmic regime) phase separation dynamics. The late stage of phase separation kinetics is usually attributed to the coarsening of the phase-separated domains. However, in a liquid binary mixture, the late-stage power-law decay undergoes a further change. A new dynamical regime arises characterized by a logarithmic time dependence, which is due to the “smoothening” of the rough interface of already well-separated phases. This can also be described as opposite to the roughening transition described by Chui and Weeks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 733 (1978)]. This reverse roughening transition can explain the logarithmic time dependence observed in the simulation.     

单原子铈对弱芬顿效应活性位点氧还原稳定性的提升

合成了同时具备弱芬顿效应活性位点(Ru-N _x )和自由基消除位点(Ce-N _x )的高稳定性电催化剂Ru, Ce-N-C. 电化学性能测试结果表明, 在酸性电解质中, Ru, Ce-N-C催化剂表现出良好的氧还原反应(ORR)活性(半波电位为0.78 V)和稳定性(30000次加速老化测试后, 半波电位仅下降8 mV), 优于Fe-N-C催化剂. 对反应机理的研究发现, Ru, Ce-N-C催化过程中电子转移数为3.98, 平均H₂O₂产率低于5%.     

“一体三翼”教学模式在工科无机化学教学中的应用与实践*

为适应当前复合型人才培养需求和提高学生自主学习能力和创新意识,在对大学一年级新生进行无机化学教学时需坚持以学生为主体的教学理念,并努力同时提高他们的思想政治素质、理论联系实际能力和科学研究素养。为此,提出“一体三翼”教学模式。然而,大多数工科院校无机化学课程的授课学时有所压缩,这对任课教师来讲是一种巨大挑战。通过“线上-线下”混合式教学解决学时不足问题,并通过学生课程参与度、学生学习成绩及教学反思等形式检验“一体三翼”教学模式的教学实践成效。     

Mapping resolutions of length three I

We produce some interesting families of resolutions of length three by describing certain open subsets of the spectrum of the generic ring for such resolutions constructed in [6].     

The Panel Method for Rigid Section Group Added Mass Coefficients and Its Application to Fuel Assemblies北大核心CSCD

A numerical method based on the panel method was developed to calculate the added fluid mass coefficients of the rigid section group with arbitrarily complex shapes, and was successfully applied to the PWR fuel assemblies. The variation law of added mass coefficients with position deviations was analyzed in the seismic test of 1×5 fuel assemblies. The results show that, this method is suitable for the calculation of the added mass coefficients of rigid section groups with complex continuous boundaries. Compared with the gap between assemblies, the gap between baffles and assemblies has a dominant influence on the added mass coefficient. Regardless of the position deviation, the sum of the added mass coefficients of all assemblies and baffles in the assumed motion direction is approximately equal to –1, and that in the perpendicular direction is approximately equal to 0. © 2023 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

“一体两核四结合”的“原子物理学”线上线下混合教学模式的探索与实践

本文依托“原子物理学”省级线上线下混合式一流课程的建设,借助尔雅通识网络课程平台,运用学习通智慧教学软件,积极开展了“原子物理学”混合教学模式的探索与实践.通过在线资源建设、教学模式探索、教学模式实践等过程,转变教学观念,创新构建了“一体两核四结合”混合教学模式,为地方高校进行线上线下混合教学模式的改革提供一定的参考与借鉴.     

Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal–Organic Networks for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation

The reaction of Keggin‐type polyoxometalate (POM) units, transition‐metal (TM) ions, and a rigid bis(imidazole) ligand (1,4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)benzene (bimb)) in a hydrothermal environment led to the isolation of four new POM‐based metal–organic networks, [H₂L][CuL][SiW₁₂O₄₀]?2 H₂O ( 1 ), [H₂L]₂[Co(H₂O)₃L][SiW₁₁CoO₃₉]?6 H₂O ( 2 ), KH[CuL]₂[SiW₁₁CoO₃₉(H₂O)]?2 H₂O ( 3 ), and [CuL]₄[GeW₁₂O₄₀]?H₂O ( 4 ; L=bimb). All four compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 3 are new 3D networks with 1D channels. Compounds 2 and 4 contain 2D networks, which further stack into 3D supramolecular networks. The contributions of pH value, the negative charge of the POM, and the TM coordination modes to the construction of 3D networks were elucidated by comparing the synthetic conditions and structures of compounds 1 – 4 . The photocatalytic properties of compounds 1 – 4 were investigated using methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV light. All compounds showed good catalytic activity and structural stability. The possible catalytic mechanism was discussed on the basis of active‐species trapping experiments. The different photocatalytic activities of compounds 1 – 4 were explained by comparison of the band gaps of different POM species and different packing modes of POM units in these hybrid compounds.     

Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the relationship between crack velocity and path and Rayleigh surface wave speed in single crystal silicon

The speed of Rayleigh surface waves, denoted C_R, is the accepted upper limit for Mode I crack velocity in monolithic solids. In the current contribution, we discuss several critical issues associated with the velocity of Rayleigh surface waves and crack velocity in single crystal (SC) brittle solids, and the global and local influence of C_R on crack path selection in particular.Recent cleavage experiments in SC silicon showed that crack velocity at certain cleavage planes and crystallographic orientations cannot exceed a small fraction of C_R, and thereafter the crack deflects to other cleavage planes. Indeed, C_R defined by the continuum mechanics ignores atomistic phenomena occurring during rapid crack propagation, and therefore is limited in predicting the crack velocity. Examination of these anomalies shows that this limitation lies in microstructural lattice arrangement and in anisotropic phonon radiation during rapid crack propagation. Globally, C_R has no influence on the crack deflection phenomenon. However, the misfit in C_R between the original plane of propagation and the deflected plane generates local instabilities along the deflection zone.