全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7875篇 |
免费 | 1174篇 |
国内免费 | 3227篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6157篇 |
晶体学 | 389篇 |
力学 | 474篇 |
综合类 | 109篇 |
数学 | 2824篇 |
物理学 | 2323篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 30篇 |
2023年 | 80篇 |
2022年 | 214篇 |
2021年 | 242篇 |
2020年 | 284篇 |
2019年 | 270篇 |
2018年 | 259篇 |
2017年 | 416篇 |
2016年 | 537篇 |
2015年 | 364篇 |
2014年 | 536篇 |
2013年 | 955篇 |
2012年 | 821篇 |
2011年 | 781篇 |
2010年 | 664篇 |
2009年 | 650篇 |
2008年 | 656篇 |
2007年 | 648篇 |
2006年 | 525篇 |
2005年 | 466篇 |
2004年 | 389篇 |
2003年 | 317篇 |
2002年 | 321篇 |
2001年 | 281篇 |
2000年 | 226篇 |
1999年 | 224篇 |
1998年 | 189篇 |
1997年 | 155篇 |
1996年 | 139篇 |
1995年 | 125篇 |
1994年 | 108篇 |
1993年 | 76篇 |
1992年 | 61篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 45篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Many advances in organic photovoltaic efficiency are not yet fully understood and new insight into structure‐property relationships is required to push this technology into broad commercial use. The aim of this article is not to comprehensively review recent work, but to provide commentary on recent successes and forecast where researchers should look to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaics. By lowering the LUMO level, utilizing electron‐withdrawing substituents advantageously, and employing appropriate side chains on donor polymers, researchers can elucidate further aspects of polymer‐PCBM interactions while ultimately developing materials that will push past 10% efficiency. 相似文献
992.
993.
钾(Ⅰ)(苯并-15-冠-5)新型配合物的合成及性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在非水溶剂中合成并-15-冠-5与碘化钾,硫氰化钾及苦味酸钾形成的三种新型固体配合物,并进行了有关物理,化学性质表征,结果表明,钾(Ⅰ)离子不仅易苯并-15-冠-5天成常见的1:2夹心式配合物,而且还能生成稳定的1:1型固体配合物。 相似文献
994.
Assume X is a normed space, every x* ∈ S(X*) can reach its norm at some point in B(X), and Y is a β-normed space. If there is a quotient space of Y which is asymptotically isometric to lβ, then L(X, Y) contains an asymptotically isometric copy of lβ. Some sufficient conditions are given under which L(X, Y) fails to have the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings on closed bounded β-convex subsets of L(X, Y). 相似文献
995.
We study the superconvergence property of fully discrete finite element approximation for quadratic optimal control problems governed by semilinear parabolic equations with control constraints. The time discretization is based on difference methods, whereas the space discretization is done using finite element methods. The state and the adjoint state are approximated by piecewise linear functions and the control is approximated by piecewise constant functions. First, we define a fully discrete finite element approximation scheme for the semilinear parabolic control problem. Second, we derive the superconvergence properties for the control, the state and the adjoint state. Finally, we do some numerical experiments for illustrating our theoretical results. 相似文献
996.
Jamal Aalaie Ghader Khanbabaie Alireza R. Khoshniyat Ali Rahmatpour 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(2):305-316
Nanocomposites of two different grades of polyamide 6 (PA6) with organically modified nanoclay were prepared via melt compounding in a twin‐screw extruder. The rheological behavior, morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied using a capillary rheometer, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), and tensile and flexural tests. XRD patterns indicate that the organically modified layered silicate was well dispersed in the PA6 matrix. From the AFM images the surface roughness of PA6 slightly increases with addition of organoclay. The rheological studies showed that the prepared nanocomposites have shear thinning behavior, obeying the power law equation. Addition of organoclay increases the shear stress and shear viscosity. At high rate of shear deformation the viscosity of nanocomposites are comparable to those of the pure polyamides. The activation energy of flow decreases with increasing nanoclay content. For most of the prepared nanocomposites the activation energy values increase with increasing shear rate. The tensile strength and flexural modulus and strength of the nanocomposites increase with increase of nanoclay content, but the extension at yield decreases with increasing clay loading. 相似文献
997.
马丽 《中国无机分析化学》2017,7(3):51-54
根据目前市场上常见锡铅焊料中主元素的特性(锡含量范围0.X%~95%,铅含量范围X%~99%),合理选择了有效的样品前处理方法。参考铸造锡铅焊料牌号及化学成分和仪器工作条件,确定了待测元素的测定范围。应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定锡铅焊料中锑、铋、铁、砷、铜、银、锌、铝、镉、磷、金11种元素的含量,方法操作简单。选择了合适的分析谱线,进行了基体元素对待测元素以及各待测元素之间的干扰研究,基体效应小,各待测元素之间基本无干扰,11次独立的测定数据相对标准偏差为1.0%~11.3%,方法的加标回收率为90.2%~105%。完全能满足现实生产中对锡铅焊料杂质元素的测定要求。 相似文献
998.
Sy-David Friedman Radek Honzik Šárka Stejskalová 《Annals of Pure and Applied Logic》2018,169(6):548-564
Starting from a Laver-indestructible supercompact κ and a weakly compact λ above κ, we show there is a forcing extension where κ is a strong limit singular cardinal with cofinality ω, , and the tree property holds at . Next we generalize this result to an arbitrary cardinal μ such that and . This result provides more information about possible relationships between the tree property and the continuum function. 相似文献
999.
The reaction of [RuHCl(CO)(B)(EPh3)2] (where E = As, B = AsPh3; E = P, B = PPh3, py, pip, or mor) and dehydroacetic acid thiosemicarbazone (abbreviated as H2dhatsc where H2 stands for the two dissociable protons) in benzene under reflux afford a series of new ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes containing dehydroacetic acid thiosemicarbazone of general formula [Ru(dhatsc)(CO)(B)(EPh3)] (where E = As, B = AsPh3; E = P, B = PPh3, py, pip or mor; dhatsc = dibasic tridentate dehydroacetic acid thiosemicarbazone). All the complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR spectral methods. The thiosemicarbazone of dehydroacetic acid behaves as dianionic tridentate O, N, S donor and coordinates to ruthenium via phenolic oxygen of dehydroacetic acid, the imine nitrogen of thiosemicarbazone and thiol sulfur. In chloroform solution, all the complexes exhibit metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (MLCT). The crystal structure of one of the complexes [Ru(dhatsc)(CO)(PPh3)2] (1) has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction which reveals the presence of a distorted octahedral geometry in the complexes. All the complexes exhibit an irreversible oxidation (RuIII/RuII) in the range 0.76-0.89 V and an irreversible reduction (RuII/RuI) in the range −0.87 to −0.97 V. Further, the free ligand and its ruthenium complexes have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The complexes show better activity in inhibiting the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. These results made it desirable to delineate a comparison between free ligand and its ruthenium complexes. 相似文献
1000.
通过二乙氧基硫代磷酰氯与对苯二胺反应生成了标题化合物N,N'-二(二乙氧基硫代磷酰基)-1,4-苯二胺,并应用元素分析, FTIR及1H NMR对标题化合物进行了表征. 利用X射线单晶衍射测定了其晶体结构, 同时应用TG分析法对其热性能进行了分析. 标题化合物的相对分子质量Mr=412.42, 为正交晶系, Pbca空间群, 晶胞参数为a=0.86936(16) nm, b=1.2787(2) nm, c=1.8897(3) nm, β=90°, V=2.1006(7) nm3, Z=8, Dc=1.304 g/cm3, μ(Mo Kα)=0.425 mm-1, F(000)=872, S=1.052. 最终偏离因子R=0.0628, wR=0.1860, 可观测衍射点1852个[I>2σ(I)]. 该晶体通过对苯二胺连接并以中心对称分布, 并形成层状结构, 且存在弱的分子内氢键N—H…S. TG分析表明该化合物有很好的热稳定性及成炭性, 通过其阻燃聚丙烯腈表明, 该物质是一种高效能的膨胀型阻燃剂. 相似文献