Theory of particle transport phenomena during fatigue and time-dependent fracture of materials based on mesoscale dynamics and their practical applications

In this work, the mesoscale mechanics of metals, which links their microscopic physics and macroscopic mechanics, was established. For practical applications, the laws for quantitatively predicting life of cycle and time-dependent fracture behavior such as fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, and high-temperature creep were derived using particle transport phenomena theories such as dislocation group dynamics, hydrogen diffusion, and vacancy diffusion. Furthermore, these concepts were also applied for estimating the degree of viscoelastic deterioration of blood vessel walls, which is dominated by a time-dependent mechanism, and for the diagnosis of aneurysm accompanied by the viscoelastic deterioration of the blood vessel wall. In these theories, new mechanical indexes were derived as dominant factors for predicting the life of fatigue crack growth and the time-dependent fracture of notched specimens of materials such as hydrogen embrittlement and high-temperature creep. Furthermore, as an example of a practical application, these theories were applied to estimate the degree of viscoelastic deterioration and chaotic motions of blood vessel walls, which are closely related to blood vessel diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm. Moreover, new indexes to diagnose them were also proposed for clinical applications.     

攒尖四坡屋面风致雪漂移的数值模拟

为获得攒尖四坡屋面的风致雪漂移规律,基于欧拉-欧拉方法和风雪单向耦合假定,运用计算流体动力学软件,选取Mixture模型分别对立方体周边和高低屋面上的风致雪漂移运动进行数值模拟,将模拟结果与两者的实地观测数据对比,探讨分析数值风洞的关键技术和参数设置,验证数值模拟方法的合理性与可靠性。依据攒尖四坡房屋的使用功能要求,设计分析模型与分析工况,在试算的基础上对屋面进行分区。以风速5 m/s,7 m/s,9 m/s,11 m/s,13 m/s和15 m/s,风向角0°,15°,30°和45°以及屋面坡度25°,30°,34°,40°和45°为分析参数,对攒尖四坡房屋的120种工况进行数值模拟,得到屋面各分区侵蚀沉积的基本规律,提出可用于抗雪设计的屋面积雪分布系数。研究表明,风向角的改变会使屋面积雪分布状态发生较大程度的变化,风速和屋面坡度的变化对屋面整体积雪量有较大影响。     

2型糖尿病并发大血管病变的危险因素分析与自我管理

探讨2型糖尿病合并大血管病变的相关危险致病因素, 以期指导制定自我管理方案. 采用回顾性病例-对照研究方法, 选2型糖尿病患者85例, 根据是否合并大血管病变, 分为单纯2型糖尿病组(T2DM组, n=41)及合并大血管病变组(T2DM+MV组, n=44), 选同期的40例非糖尿病患者作为对照, 比较各组患者的一般资料及入院时的血压、血清镁、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白和血脂水平等参数. 结果表明 糖尿病病程(比值比(OR)=1.268, 95%置信区间(CI) 1.076~1.496)、空腹血糖(OR=2.147, 95% CI 1.167~3.949)及糖化血红蛋白水平(OR=4.936, 95% CI 1.575~15.470)是2型糖尿病患者并发大血管病变的独立危险因素, 而血清镁水平则是独立保护性因素(OR=0.001, 95% CI 0.000~0.014). 同时表明, 在2型糖尿病早期自我管理中, 积极控制血糖及维持血清镁在较高水平是预防大血管病变的有效途径.     

An improved semi-empirical friction model for gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal and near horizontal pipes

Pressure drop and liquid hold-up are two very important fluid flow parameters in design and control of multiphase flow pipelines. Friction factors play an important role in the accurate calculation of pressure drop. Various empirical and semi-empirical closure relations exist in the literature to calculate the liquid-wall, gas-wall and interfacial friction in two-phase pipe flow.However most of them are empirical correlations found under special experimental conditions. In this paper by modification of a friction model available in the literature, an improved semiempirical model is proposed. The proposed model is incorporated in the two-fluid correlations under equilibrium conditions and solved. Pressure gradient and velocity profiles are validated against experimental data. Using the improved model, the pressure gradient deviation from experiments diminishes by about 3%; the no-slip condition at the interface is satisfied and the velocity profile is predicted in better agreement with the experimental data.     

Study of semileptonic decay of ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0} \rightarrow \phi {l}^{+}{l}^{-}$ in QCD sum rule

In this work we study the semileptonic decay of ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0}\to \phi {l}^{+}{l}^{-}$ (l=e, μ, τ) with the QCD sum rule method. We calculate the ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0}\to \phi $ translation form factors relevant to this semileptonic decay, then the branching ratios of ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0}\to \phi {l}^{+}{l}^{-}$ (l=e, μ, τ) decays are calculated with the form factors obtained here. Our result for the branching ratio of ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0}\to \phi {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ agree very well with the recent experimental data. For the unmeasured decay modes such as ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0}\to \phi {e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ and ${\bar{B}}_{s}^{0}\to \phi {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$, we give theoretical predictions.     

镓铟锡液滴撞击泡沫金属表面的运动学特性研究

常温下为液态的镓铟锡合金以其优异的导热性能在具有特殊要求的传热领域有着重要的应用价值,与传统流动介质相比较大的表面张力使得其产生的流动现象必有所区别.本文研究镓铟锡所形成的液滴撞击泡沫金属表面后所产生的铺展、回缩及回弹现象.采用高速相机拍摄液滴投影轮廓随液滴运动的变化过程,并通过图像处理获得不同撞击速度、底板表面孔径下的液滴铺展系数、中心位置轮廓高度以及液滴回弹后在空中的振动特性.研究结果表明:具有较高表面张力的镓铟锡液滴的铺展系数随无量纲时间的变化在铺展初始阶段仍满足常规流体的1/2次幂关系,只在铺展后期与底板的无量纲孔径有关系;液滴的最大铺展系数在较小无量纲孔径底板大于在光滑镍板,且随底板无量纲孔径增大而逐渐减小;在回弹过程,由于底板孔隙结构的存在使得液滴回弹后在空中的振动呈现3种形态:规则的横向和纵向振动、带旋转的横向和纵向振动以及旋转振动;最后,通过对振动频率的拟合和分析,进一步拓展了传统振动频率理论公式在非规则振动过程预测中的应用.      

一种经验型疲劳小裂纹扩展模型

金属材料疲劳寿命由裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展寿命两部分组成,其中对于萌生寿命中的小裂纹分析是精确描述裂纹萌生寿命的关键．而小裂纹在扩展过程中由于尺寸相对较小,导致传统线弹性断裂力学预测方法失效,需要对其进行改进,考虑裂纹尖端塑性区引起的残余压应力对小裂纹扩展速度的影响．本文针对此问题进行了初步分析,通过对塑性区引起的残余应力的量化,结合小裂纹门槛值特性,提出了一种经验型修正的小裂纹扩展模型,用于定量预测裂纹的萌生寿命．使用铝合金6082-T6缺口试样进行了疲劳实验,并与理论结果进行了对比,验证了所提模型的有效性．     

THE REFORM OF AERODYNAMICS CURRICULUM IN VIEW OF INNOVATION AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

目前国内针对高等院校的创新创业教育改革正在稳固推进,与此相关的空气动力学课程体系教学改革也在积极落实。但由于我校在改革初期机械地照搬名校的成功经验,只注重课程体系本身的教学改革,对课程体系之外的外部因素关注度并不高,导致改革的成效不明显。本文从学生和教师两个层面对影响我校空气动力学课程体系教学改革的外部因素进行归纳和研究,并有针对性地提出因地制宜的解决办法。     

时程稳定性系数确定的边坡逐孔起爆孔间微差降振时间

为了获得边坡逐孔爆破最佳降振微差时间,以某个实际边坡逐孔微差爆破施工现场为原型,先利用ANSYS建立二维静态模型,借助有限元折减法确定自然状态下的潜在滑动面和静态安全系数;基于已确定的二维潜在滑动面重新建立同尺寸同性质的三维逐孔微差爆破动态模型,利用LS-DYAN进行动力分析,整个过程分别设置同排3个炮孔0、17、25、42和65 ms等5种不同孔间微差起爆方式;同时,对该施工现场进行排、孔间(25 ms,17 ms)、(25 ms,25 ms)、(25 ms,42 ms)、(25 ms,65 ms)等4种微差时间控制的等比例相似小炮测振实验。提取模拟结果中3个炮孔同时起爆时滑面单元的应力数值代入极限平衡法计算公式,绘制了冲击载荷作用下边坡稳定性系数曲线,通过对曲线的理论分析发现,最佳降振微差时间约为48 ms;而三维数值模拟和测振实验结果均显示,孔间微差时间取42 ms时降振效果较佳。这说明,边坡稳定性系数曲线给出的微差时间与模拟和实验结果较为接近,可为今后边坡逐孔微差爆破降振研究提供参考。     

三维动态裂纹问题的超奇异积分方程法

基于弹性材料的动态基本方程,结合广义Betti-Rayleigh互易等式与时域下的边界积分方程,推导得到时域下的超奇异积分方程组。引入Laplace域下的动态基本解,将经过主部分析的积分核函数分解为静态和动态部分,其中动态积分核不具有奇异性。在裂纹前沿附近单元,采用与理论分析一致的平方根位移模型。结合Lubich时间卷积实现拉氏变换,采用配置点法计算超奇异积分,获得问题的数值解。并针对椭圆裂纹算例编写Fortran程序,得到冲击荷载作用下张开型裂纹的动态应力强度因子变化规律,数值结果稳定且收敛速度快。