线上零售商全渠道门店布局密度策略研究

全渠道零售通过整合线上线下发挥协同效应,为零售商和消费者带来价值。但实施全渠道需要更多的成本投入,而合适的线下门店布局是成功的关键。本文基于消费者效用和优化理论,通过零售商和消费者的利益平衡分析,探讨零售商实施全渠道策略下的定价决策、最优门店密度以及相关的全渠道实施的条件。结果表明:全渠道模式的定价与线下不便成本等因素有显著关系;合适的线下门店密度是BOPS策略成功的关键,而最优的密度与与全渠道运营成本系数以及线下门店距离成本难度系数有关,BOPS门店密度大于BOPS+SFS;全渠道策略并不一定有利可图,当线下距离成本效应较低时,BOPS模式优于单一线上销售模式;而BOPS实施成本强度较大或线下距离难度效应较高时,BOPS+SFS则更为可行。     

寻租偏好视角下的标准化参会企业专利策略博弈研究

专利纳入标准使标准的公益性和专利的私利性之间的冲突愈发明显,部分企业在专利标准化过程中的为其低价值专利寻租行为必然会影响其他企业持续研发的积极性,不利于标准的构建和创新的发展。本文在寻租偏好视角下,运用专利组合理论构建了参与标准化企业专利行为博弈模型,并对企业专利行为的演化进行数值模拟,分析企业专利寻租行为的内在动机及寻租的影响因素。结果表明:领域专利组合强度足够大时,企业偏向于对标准必要专利寻租;针对排他性专利标准化竞争,企业能否寻租成功取决于竞争企业与本企业的专利组合强度的对比值;本研究结果以期为我国企业参与国际标准化专利决策提供支持。     

考虑传统双渠道和BOPS双渠道的消费者和零售商决策研究

本论文在全渠道零售的BOPS模式下,考虑允许退货研究消费者渠道选择问题。首先研究传统双渠道和实施BOPS的双渠道下的消费者和零售商决策。然后加入退货设定,对二者的决策进行重新研究和对比分析。研究发现:不考虑退货的情况下,引入BOPS模式能够提升实体店对零售商及消费者的吸引力;退货情况下,引入BOPS使消费者更愿意选择线下购买和销售,但不一定总能带来销售总量的增加;实施BOPS时,退货允许让零售商更愿意在实体店销售,同时消费者的购买渠道选择也变得复杂。     

E-供应链竞争下自营品牌商的第三方零售渠道引入与定价策略

基于电商平台销售渠道的多样性,决策是否引入第三方零售渠道是自营品牌商在现实的E-供应链竞争中常常面临的重要难题。在多渠道竞争环境下,构建由两个自营品牌商和一个电商平台组成的E-供应链系统。考虑品牌商不引入、单一品牌商引入与两个品牌商均引入第三方零售渠道三种情形,分别建立Stackelberg博弈模型并求解,分析了平台佣金、消费者的自营零售渠道偏好和交叉价格弹性系数等因素对第三方零售渠道引入及E-供应链各成员最优策略的影响。研究表明:不同的交叉价格弹性系数和消费者自营渠道偏好对第三方零售渠道引入策略具有差异性,且两个品牌商均引入第三方零售渠道对电商平台最有利。此外,平台佣金、消费者自营渠道偏好和交叉价格弹性系数对自营、第三方商品的定价以及电商平台、品牌商的利润具有重要影响。     

On the Non-Adaptive Zero-Error Capacity of the Discrete Memoryless Two-Way Channel

We study the problem of communicating over a discrete memoryless two-way channel using non-adaptive schemes, under a zero probability of error criterion. We derive single-letter inner and outer bounds for the zero-error capacity region, based on random coding, linear programming, linear codes, and the asymptotic spectrum of graphs. Among others, we provide a single-letter outer bound based on a combination of Shannon’s vanishing-error capacity region and a two-way analogue of the linear programming bound for point-to-point channels, which, in contrast to the one-way case, is generally better than both. Moreover, we establish an outer bound for the zero-error capacity region of a two-way channel via the asymptotic spectrum of graphs, and show that this bound can be achieved in certain cases.     

Characterization and Comparison of Tea Tree and Lavender Oils by Using Comprehensive Gas Chromatography

The essential oils from French lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) were separated by the two‐dimensional GC technique of comprehensive gas chromatography. A coupled column combination of non‐polar (5% phenyl equivalent) and polyethylene glycol phase columns was used to provide the desired resolution performance. By using a range of known standards, some of the peaks in lavender oil can be assigned. Some of these also occur in tea tree oil; however, from our knowledge of the major constituents in this oil and their relative retention behaviour, most of the major peaks may be tentatively assigned within the 2‐dimensional separation space. There appear to be elution patterns within the 2‐D space which should be useful in correlating retention with chemical and structural properties of the components, although this will require further evaluation. A range of coeluting peaks, which may not be so readily separated by using a single column capillary GC analysis, are resolved in the experiment described.     

剪切应变量对Al-3%Mg多晶材料性能的影响

本文采用内角为105°、外角为45°的模具对多晶Al-3;Mg材料进行了等径角挤压实验,研究了等径角挤压的剪切应变量对其力学性能的影响.结果表明:等径角挤压可以显著改善多晶Al-3;Mg材料的力学性能,而且剪切应变量的大小与材料的力学性能密切相关.经过等径角挤压,Al-3;Mg合金的抗拉强度和硬度得到显著提高,其中抗拉强度提高146.8;,硬度提高104.7;,而等径角挤压一次后,Al-3;Mg合金延伸率由5.85;下降至4.59;,此后材料的延伸率得到改善.     

Compact finite difference schemes on non‐uniform meshes. Application to direct numerical simulations of compressible flows

In this paper, the development of a fourth‐ (respectively third‐) order compact scheme for the approximation of first (respectively second) derivatives on non‐uniform meshes is studied. A full inclusion of metrics in the coefficients of the compact scheme is proposed, instead of methods using Jacobian transformation. In the second part, an analysis of the numerical scheme is presented. A numerical analysis of truncation errors, a Fourier analysis completed by stability calculations in terms of both semi‐ and fully discrete eigenvalue problems are presented. In those eigenvalue problems, the pure convection equation for the first derivative, and the pure diffusion equation for the second derivative are considered. The last part of this paper is dedicated to an application of the numerical method to the simulation of a compressible flow requiring variable mesh size: the direct numerical simulation of compressible turbulent channel flow. Present results are compared with both experimental and other numerical (DNS) data in the literature. The effects of compressibility and acoustic waves on the turbulent flow structure are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Explicit finite volume non‐oscillatory schemes for 2D transient free‐surface flows

A class of high‐resolution non‐oscillatory shock‐capturing Roe, TVD and ENO explicit schemes in finite volume approach are presented for the computation of 2D unsteady rapidly varied open channel flows. In order to apply these schemes to simulate the hydraulic phenomena in field, the Strang‐type operator splitting technique is adopted to treat the flow with bottom slope and friction terms. Verifications of the proposed schemes are made by comparison with analytical solutions or experimental data, and very good agreements are obtained. To illustrate the efficiency and stability of the present algorithms, four typical problems of rapidly varied flows are solved and the results of different schemes are compared. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is accurate, robust and highly stable even in the flows with very strong discontinuites, which need no tuning of any adjustable parameter, such as artificial viscosity coefficient, as other methods do, and is a reliable mathematical modeling for 2D practical hydraulic engineering applications. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa Plant of Mongolian Origin

Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa is used in Mongolian traditional medicine due to its numerous reported health-promoting effects. To date, there are very few scientific reports that describe this species. In this article, its volatile oil composition, lipid extract composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial and allergenic properties are elucidated for the first time. Hexadecanoic acid, fokienol and tricosane were determined as the most notable components of the volatile oil, at 13.13, 11.46 and 5.55%, respectively. Methyl benzoate was shown to be the most abundant component of lipid extract at 40.69, followed by (E)-prop-2-enoic acid, 3-phenyl- and benzenepropanoic acid, at 18.55 and 9.97%. With a TPC of 6.620 mg GAE g⁻¹ and TFC of 10.316 mg QE g⁻¹, the plant extract of O. pseudoglandulosa indicated good antioxidant activity measured by IC₅₀ at 18.761 µg mL⁻¹. Of the 12 tested microorganisms, B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae were the shown to be most susceptible to the plant extract, with MIC at 2.081 and 0.260% (v/v), respectively. Bet v 1—a major birch pollen allergen found in plant-based foods—was determined to be at 192.02 ng g⁻¹ with ELISA. Such a wide spectrum of biological activity indicated by O. pseudoglandulosa lends credence for its application in food industry. Its exerted antioxidant and antimicrobial effects could improve preservation of low-processed food dedicated for consumers afflicted with allergies. Hexadecanoic acid supplemented in foods with dietary plant extracts could add to the potential anti-inflammatory impact. The analysis of lipid makeup suggests O. pseudoglandulosa extract could also be considered as natural pesticide in organic farming.