Nanosatellites for quantum science and technology

Bringing quantum science and technology to the space frontier offers exciting prospects for both fundamental physics and applications such as long-range secure communication and space-borne quantum probes for inertial sensing with enhanced accuracy and sensitivity. But despite important terrestrial pathfinding precursors on common microgravity platforms and promising proposals to exploit the significant advantages of space quantum missions, large-scale quantum test beds in space are yet to be realised due to the high costs and lead times of traditional ‘Big Space’ satellite development. But the ‘small space’ revolution, spearheaded by the rise of nanosatellites such as CubeSats, is an opportunity to greatly accelerate the progress of quantum space missions by providing easy and affordable access to space and encouraging agile development. We review space quantum science and technology, CubeSats and their rapidly developing capabilities and how they can be used to advance quantum satellite systems.     

基于MODIS数据的卫星辐射特性研究

本文提出了一种结合MODIS数据产品和MODTRAN模型的典型地形条件空间目标红外辐射特性计算方法.考虑了地形条件和大气环境对空间目标的红外辐射特性影响,应用MODIS 3级陆地,海洋,冰雪圈数据产品得到全球温度分布,地形特征分布,将温度及地形条件代入MODTRAN计算得到地表-目标的辐亮度,进而计算目标的外热流以及表...     

量子体系的相空间规范变换

外尔于1918年引入的规范变换实际上是相位变换而非真正的尺度变换,但规范不变性、规范理论等概念都沿袭了下来。我们发现,针对由量子化条件[x, p]=iℏ而来的量子体系之本征值问题存在规范变换,或者说尺度变换,x → x/α,p → αp,该变换保体系的能量谱不变。量子谐振子、氢原子问题及一类多体问题的精确解析解证实了这一点。量子化条件 [x, p]=iℏ看来是个对量子力学很强的约束,不止于能量的量子化。这个规范变换提醒我们相空间的体积及其量子化才是物理的关键,这也是量子力学和统计物理在潜意识里一直沿用却未予关注的思路。有趣的是,从量子谐振子体系的相空间表述似乎不能导向这个结论。如同规范理论所断言的电磁学量在给定坐标系下的数值表征与标度无关,我们认为量子体系的物理量,如能量谱等,在给定坐标系下的数值表征亦应与标度无关。此尺度变换与德布罗意关系相恰。     

非完整映射理论与刚体定点转动的几何描述

利用非完整映射方法,从一个已知Riemann空间构造一个嵌入其中的Riemann-Cartan空间.作为特例,研究从Euclidean空间构造Weitzenbock空间的方法.基于dAlembert-Lagrange原理和非完整映射,将一个Riemann空间的测地线对应于另一个Riemann-Cartan空间的自平行线.把这种非完整映射理论应用到刚体定点转动问题上,得到了刚体运动的欧拉方程是欧拉角描述的Riemann位形空间的测地线方程,而在刚体角速度对应的准坐标空间上是常挠率Riemann-Cartan空间的自平行线方程的结论. 关键词： 欧拉角 非完整映射 Riemann-Cartan空间 自平行线     

阵列馈源偏置抛物面天线合成高功率微波的研究

 运用物理光学分析方法，对使用7单元的扇形喇叭一维阵列和角锥喇叭或圆锥喇叭三角形阵列喇叭束作为单偏置抛物面天线的馈源，空间合成高功率微波进行了比较研究，数值分析表明在阵元输入功率、口面最大场强、天线口径、净空间及天线边缘照度相同,且阵列馈源具有准轴对称主瓣条件下，扇形喇叭构成的一维阵列馈源与单偏置抛物面组成的天线系统的方向性系数和溢出效率优于采用角锥喇叭三角形阵列馈源或圆锥喇叭三角形阵列馈源的天线系统。若将喇叭束直接作为辐射天线使用，由于圆锥喇叭三角形阵列方向性系数对阵元间相位波动的稳定性较好，而更具优势。     

等离子体喷射X光时空分辨测量

在“神光”强激光装置上对０．５３μｍ激光产生的等离子体喷射进行了Ｘ光时空分辨诊断。首次利用多针孔阵列成像技术结合软Ｘ光扫描相机观察激光加热区和Ｘ光加热区等离子体的运动，获得了初级和次级等离子体膨胀速度等结果．     

The electronic origin of unusually large nJFN coupling constants in some fluoroximes

SOPPA(CCSD) calculations show that the FC term is the most important contribution to the through‐space transmission of J_FN coupling constants for the fluoroximes studied in this work. Because of the well‐known behavior of FC term, a new rationalization for the experimental ^TSJ_FN SSCC is presented. It is mainly based on the overlap matrix (S_ij) between fluorine and nitrogen lone pairs obtained from NBO analyses. An expression is proposed to take into account the influence of the electronic density (D_ij) between coupled nuclei as well as the s% character at the site of the coupling nuclei of bonds and non‐bonding electron pairs involved in D_ij. In using this approach, a linear correlation between ^TSJ_FN versus D_ij is obtained. The most important aspect of this rationalization is related to the facility for understanding the behavior of some unusual experimental coupling constants. It is shown that, at least in this case, the electronic origin of the so‐called through‐space coupling is transmitted through to the overlap of orbitals on the coupled atoms, suggesting that, at least for these compounds, instead of through‐space coupling, it should better be dubbed as ‘through overlapping orbital coupling’. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Augmented Spinor Space

In this paper, based on the Pauli matrices, a notion of augmented spinor space is introduced, and a uniqueness of such augmented spinor space of rank n is proved. It may be expected that this new notion of spaces can be used in mathematical physics and geometry.     

He,Ne,Ar,Kr和Xe原子电子的动量密度分布研究

对He,Ne,Ar,Kr和Xe原子体系中电子在动量空间的性质进行了系统的理论计算研究.采用自洽场HFR方法计算了坐标空间He,Ne,Kr和Xe原子体系单电子径向波函数,动量空间的单电子波函数由坐标空间原子体系单电子径向波函数通过运用傅立叶变换计算得到.在冲量近似条件下,进一步计算研究了这些原子的单电子动量密度分布和原子体系总的Compton轮廓.计算结果与已有的实验实验值和其他文献的理论计算结果比较表明,本文计算的结果是准确的.     

Hahn-Banach定理在凸性模定义中的应用

该文利用Ｈａｈｎ Ｂａｎａｃｈ定理得到了凸性模定义中若干等式的证明,并且指出对维数不小 于２的实线性赋范空间犡,有类似的等式成立。