Quantitative measurement of hard X-ray spectra from laser-driven fast ignition plasma

Absolute Kα line spectroscopy is proposed for studying laser–plasma interactions taking place in the Au cone-guided fast ignition targets. X-ray spectra ranging from 20 to 100 keV were quantitatively measured with a Laue spectrometer composed of a cylindrically curved crystal and a filter-absorption method for Bremsstrahlung continuum emission. The absolute sensitivities of the Laue spectrometer systems were calibrated using pre-characterized laser-produced X-ray sources and radioisotopes. The integrated reflectivity for the crystal is in good agreement with predictions by an X-ray diffraction code. The energy transfer efficiency from incident laser beams to hot electrons, as the energy transfer mechanism, is derived from this work. The absolute yield of Au and Ta Kα lines were measured in the fast ignition experimental campaign performed at Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. Applying the hot electron spectrum information from electron spectrometer and scaling laws, the energy transfer efficiency from the incident LFEX, a kJ-class PW laser, to hot electrons was derived for the first time.     

A logarithmic complexity floating frame of reference formulation with interpolating splines for articulated multi-flexible-body dynamics

An interpolating spline-based approach is presented for modeling multi-flexible-body systems in the divide-and-conquer (DCA) scheme. This algorithm uses the floating frame of reference formulation and piecewise spline functions to construct and solve the non-linear equations of motion of the multi-flexible-body system undergoing large rotations and translations. The new approach is compared with the flexible DCA (FDCA) that uses the assumed modes method [1]. The FDCA, in many cases, must resort to sub-structuring to accurately model the deformation of the system. We demonstrate, through numerical examples, that the interpolating spline-based approach is comparable in accuracy and superior in efficiency to the FDCA. The present approach is appropriate for modeling flexible mechanisms with thin 1D bodies undergoing large rotations and translations, including those with irregular shapes. As such, the present approach extends the current capability of the DCA to model deformable systems. The algorithm retains the theoretical logarithmic complexity inherent in the DCA when implemented in parallel.     

一个求解浅水波方程的时域分段展开算法

发展了一种时域分段展开自适应方法求解一维非线性浅水波方程。通过时域分段展开,将一个非线性的时空耦合初边值问题转化为一系列的线性空间边值问题,并采用有限元方法递推求解;通过展开阶数的递进,实现了分段时域的自适应计算,当不同步长时可保持稳定的计算精度。研究结果表明,当步长较大而Heun’s法、四阶Runge-Kutta法不能得到合理结果时,本文算法仍能保证足够的计算精度。     

提高旋转载体驱动微机械陀螺标度因数稳定性的算法

旋转载体驱动微机械陀螺是一种新型的振动式MEMS陀螺,它没有微机械陀螺通常所具有的驱动结构,而只有检测模态。它安装于旋转载体上,巧妙地利用了载体的自旋作为驱动,从而使得敏感质量获得角动量。当载体发生横向转动时,敏感质量将受到科里奥利力的作用。在进动力矩、弹性力矩和阻尼力矩的共同作用下,敏感质量将产生周期性振动。振动频率对应于载体自旋频率,振动幅度与载体输入角速度大小成比例。由此工作机理,得出了敏感元件的动力学方程,并基于动力学方程建立了陀螺标度因数的误差模型。接着,根据误差模型,对标度因数的稳定性进行了分析和实际测试。分析和实验数据说明,载体自旋频率的变化是造成标度因数不稳定的主要原因。为了保证陀螺测量精度,提出了一种抑制载体自旋频率变化对标度因数影响的补偿算法,提高标度因数稳定性。最后,针对该算法的有效性,进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,此种方法能有效地提高标度因数的稳定性,标度因数相对于自旋频率变化的影响因子由补偿前的1.31 m V/(°/s)/Hz下降至7.14×10-3 m V/(°/s)/Hz。     

基于Lanczos算法的模态重分析法及其在车身结构设计中的应用

模态重分析是指在结构修改之后不需要重新求解广义特征值方程,仅需要根据初始计算结果对修改后的问题进行求解,并能够在保证精度的前提下,提高计算速度。随着结构复杂度和修正量的增加,传统重分析方法的求解精度和稳定性随之下降。为此,利用初始结构模态分析结果,结合Lanczos算法和投影技术,采用缩减基方法求解修改结构的特征值和特征向量,使其同时具备了Lanczos向量快速收敛的优点和基于全局近似的缩减基向量的高精度。为了验证该方法的性能和准确性,对本文方法基于扩展基向量和瑞利-里兹分析的模态重分析法以及改进的单步摄动瑞利商逆迭代法进行了测试。测试结果表明,该方法具有最高的计算精度。同时,将该方法成功用于车架和车门的前期设计中,计算结果表明,该方法具备处理计算规模大、拓扑修改变化量大的结构分析问题的潜力。     

演化算法求解桁架多目标拓扑优化的收敛速度研究

演化算法能够同时满足结构拓扑优化的前沿领域对全局优化、黑箱函数优化、组合优化和多目标优化的需求,但采用此类算法的可行性与必要性由其收敛性与计算效率决定。本文以应力约束桁架多目标拓扑优化问题为求解对象,致力于揭示在收敛性与计算效率两方面具有竞争力的算法。首先提出评估演化算法求解拓扑优化问题收敛性与计算效率的通用方法,采用穷举法严格推导了典型桁架多目标拓扑优化问题的全局最优解,并采用超体积指标定义了多层次收敛性能准则。最后通过比较研究得到不同收敛性需求下具有最快收敛速度的演化算法,并揭示了具有竞争力的算法机制。本研究为演化算法求解多目标拓扑优化问题的收敛速度奠定了理论基础,同时为高效求解实际工程拓扑优化问题提供算法支持。     

基于改进蛙跳算法的结构可靠指标计算

为了克服传统的结构可靠指标求解方法存在的模型描述和计算缺陷,引入改进混合蛙跳算法用于求解可靠指标。针对标准蛙跳算法求解组合优化问题时后期收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优的缺点,新算法引入蚁群算法的信息素调整策略,对蛙跳算法后期局部搜索进行改进,扩大算法后期搜索范围,使蛙跳算法跳出局部最优。最后,将改进后的算法应用到结构可靠指标的求解过程,算例验证了改进算法的有效性。     

基于扩展多面体的离散单元法及其作用于圆桩的冰载荷计算

对于具有复杂几何形态的多面体单元,线性接触模型不能准确地计算不同接触模式下的作用力,且接触变形和作用力方向也不易判断.基于闵可夫斯基和(Minkowski sum)方法的扩展多面体单元能够准确描述非规则颗粒单元的几何形态,并可精确计算单元间的接触碰撞作用.该方法具有接触判断简单、计算效率高的特点.它将基本多面体和扩展球体相叠加以形成具有光滑棱边和角点的扩展多面体单元.考虑扩展多面体单元相互作用过程中角点、棱边和平面之间的不同接触模式,发展了相应的非线性黏弹性接触模型. 该接触模型将不同接触模型下的法向刚度统一表述为单元接触中接触点处等效曲率半径的函数;黏滞力和切向弹性力接触模型则借鉴球体单元非线性接触模型的处理方法. 为检验扩展多面体的可靠性,对碎冰区冰块对圆桩结构的冰载荷进行了离散元分析. 采用沃洛诺伊(Voronoi)切割算法获得了碎冰的初始随机分布状态,并考虑了海冰在运动过程中的海水浮力和拖曳力.计算表明该扩展多面体单元可描述海冰在海流拖曳下的运动过程以及圆桩结构的动冰力特性.在此基础上进一步分析了冰速和冰块尺寸对圆桩冰力的影响,并确定了冰力在圆桩上的分布规律. 最后,讨论了目前扩展多面体单元在计算冰载荷方面的局限性和改进方法.      

最优二维固/固声子晶体带隙特性研究

声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙特性的周期性复合材料,其带隙特性受单胞拓扑形状的影响.通过拓扑优化技术,能够突破传统设计方法的局限,实现对声子晶体的主动设计.论文基于遗传算法和改进的平面波展开法,通过两阶段的优化过程,得到具有最大相对带隙的二维铜/环氧树脂声子晶体结构,并进一步研究不同带隙最优声子晶体单胞拓扑形状及其带隙特性.结果表明,利用所开发的带隙优化程序,能够得到满足带隙要求的具有全局最优的声子晶体结构;声子晶体最低带隙所对应的单胞是简单晶格结构,其散射体形状简单,而且对应的带隙频率最低,相对带隙最大,对于隔音减振最有实用价值.     

Numerical modeling and investigation of viscoelastic fluid–structure interaction applying an implicit partitioned coupling algorithm

We investigate the interaction between a viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid and an elastic structure via simulations applying an implicit partitioned coupling algorithm. Simulations are done for a flow through a channel with a flexible wall and a lid-driven cavity flow with flexible bottom. In addition, we make use of a mass–spring–dashpot prototype model to study the dynamic interaction problem. Both the simulation results and the analysis of the prototype model show that there are obvious differences in the fluid–structure interaction if the fluids are viscoelastic instead of purely viscous. These differences appear in the deformation of the solid at stationary state and in the equilibrium position, amplitude, frequency as well as phase shift of the oscillation. Moreover, we investigate the influence of numerical and physical parameters on the implicit partitioned coupling algorithm for simulation of viscoelastic fluid–structure interaction problems.