Sonication-Free Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for High-Sorption-Capacity Aerogel Fabrication

Homogenously dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in solvents has been one critical step towards exploiting their exceptional properties in high-performance components. However, the solubility of SWNTs is severely limited by the inert tube surfaces and strong tube-tube van der Waals attractions. Starting with carbon nanotubides, i.e., negatively charged SWNTs reduced by alkali metals, we herein propose a sonication-free approach to prepare an aqueous dispersion of SWNTs. The approach combines the spontaneous dissolution of nanotubides in polar aprotic solvents with polyvinylpyrrolidone wrapping and dialysis in deionized H₂O, which results in well-dispersed, neutralized SWNTs. The gelation of concentrated SWNT dispersion leads to the formation of hydrogels, which is subsequently transformed into SWNT aerogels through lyophilization. The prepared SWNT aerogels exhibit high-mass-sorption capacities for organic solvent absorption, paving the way towards harvesting the extraordinary properties of SWNTs.     

纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土柱轴压本构模型研究新进展

较全面总结了纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土的本构模型最新进展,分析了各类模型的理论基础、特点、存在的问题,探讨了纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土轴压强度与变形规律、破坏机制等,总结了影响本构模型的主要影响因素,如约束应力的计算、纤维增强聚合物实际破坏应变值等,为今后对本构模型比较分析提供了基本框架.     

表面内嵌纤维筋加固混凝土梁破坏模式研究

为研究不同参数下表面内嵌纤维筋加固后T 形混凝土梁的破坏模式, 对5 根不同梁端锚固、FRP(fiber reinforced polymer) 筋表面特征和FRP 筋类型的T 形混凝土梁进行受弯性能试验. 结果表明, 无梁端锚固、光圆GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) 筋和CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) 筋加固梁试件发生粘结破坏. 梁端锚固和FRP 筋表面特征影响加固梁试件的极限载荷, CFRP 筋加固梁试件的屈服载荷和极限载荷较大. 螺纹FRP 筋和有梁端锚固加固梁试件FRP 筋利用率较高. 因此, 有梁端锚固的表面内嵌螺纹GFRP 筋加固是最为有效的加固方式.     

FRP-混凝土界面剥离破坏过程并行数值模拟

采用材料真实破裂过程三维并行分析(RFPA~(3D)-Parallel)系统,对FRP-混凝土界面的粘结性能进行了三维并行数值试验研究,数值试验再现了FRP-混凝土构件的三维破裂过程演化过程,清晰地表明拉伸载荷作用下FRP-混凝土界面剥离破坏是一个细观损伤不断产生和宏观裂缝形成的渐进过程,FRP-混凝土结构损伤演化过程的声发射揭示了FRP-混凝土结构在外载荷作用下的损伤程度.FRP-混凝土结构在加载过程中的变形剥离破坏过程大致可以划分为弹性变形阶段、弹性软化阶段、弹性软化剥离阶段和软化剥离阶段.数值计算表明RFPA~(3DParallel并行数值模拟方法为FRP-混凝土结构界面剥离破坏过程和机理研究提供了一个很好的途径,同时也为研究FRP-混凝土工程结构等的损伤断裂机理提供了一个新的分析手段.     

FRP约束混凝土快速荷载下应力应变关系初探

在四种不同约束比下FRP(fiberreinforcesplastic)约束混凝土柱静力性能试验的基础上,选定一种约束比,进行了FRP约束混凝土柱在三种应变速率下的快速加载试验,研究其在快速荷载下的力学行为。结果表明,FRP约束混凝土在快速荷载作用下,其强度与极限应变随应变速率的增加而增大并与对数应变速率成较好的线性关系,其应变速率敏感性远高于无约束混凝土,且应力应变关系曲线大致呈一条平滑曲线。根据试验结果拟合了FRP约束混凝土在快速荷载下强度与极限应变的经验公式,并对其应力应变关系进行了初步探索。     

Understanding interactions between poly(styrene-co-sodium styrene sulfonate) and single-walled carbon nanotubes

Understanding formation mechanisms of hybrids of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) wrapped by polymers and their interactions is critical in modifying solubility of CNTs in aqueous solution and developing new nanotube-based polymer materials. In the present work, we investigate the structural details of poly(styrene-co-sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS) wrapping around the CNT and the interactions between the PSS chain and the CNT using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The fraction of sulfonated groups significantly influences the wrapping conformations of the PSS chain. Due to limited time scale in the MD simulations, two different initial conformations of the chains are introduced to explore the effect of the initial state on the wrapping behavior. When the chains initially wrap around the CNT in a perfect helix manner, more compact pseudo-helical conformations are obtained. For initial straight line arrangement of the chain monomers, the chains adopt looser wrapping conformations. The free-energy analysis and binding interaction of the PSS chain on the CNT surface take a glance on the relationship between the conformational transition of the chain and the energy evolution.     

Nonlinear stability of timber column strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer

By taking into account the effect of the bi-modulus for tension and compression of the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet in the reinforcement layer, a general mathematical model for the nonlinear bending of a slender timber beam strengthened with the FRP sheet is established under the hypothesis of the large deflection deformation of the beam. Nonlinear governing equations of the second order effect of the beam bending are derived. The nonlinear stability of a simply-supported slender timber column strengthened with the FRP sheet is then investigated. An expression of the critical load of the simply-supported FRP-strengthened timber beam is obtained. The existence of postbuckling solution of the timber column is proved theoretically, and an asymptotic analytical solution of the postbuckling state in the vicinity of the critical load is obtained using the perturbation method. Parameters are studied showing that the FRP reinforcement layer has great influence on the critical load of the timber column, and has little influence on the dimensionless postbuckling state.     

Predicting the Capacity of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear with Side-Bonded FRP Reinforcements Using Artificial Neural Networks

The application of artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted in shear by means of side-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is investigated in this paper. An extensive literature review has been carried out. In addition, ten shear deficient RC beams with different carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) configurations were tested and added as data to the collected data. It was aimed to build an efficient and practical ANN model with parameters which can easily be obtained without any calculation and/or experimental investigation. The results are compared with the design guideline equations that emerge as predictions of the FRP contribution using the trained neural networks: these are in good agreement with the experimental results and better than those calculated from the theoretical guideline equations. Based on ANN results, a parametric study has been carried out to study the importance of different influencing parameters on the FRP contribution. Thereafter, a new simple expression is proposed for determining the contribution of externally bonded side-bonded FRP. Accordingly, the suggested design formula is capable of predicting the experimental FRP satisfactorily so that it can be admitted as an alternative to the existing guideline equations within the range of parameters covered in the study.     

A Simple and Facile Approach to Synthesize Water-Soluble Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Wrapped by Poly(4-Vinylpyridine)

By simple grinding, water-soluble linear polymers poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) wrapped around multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and thus rendered them reversibly soluble in water, ethanol, and DMF. The structure and properties of the resulting nanocomposite, CNTs wrapped by PVP, were evaluated by SEM, AFM, TGA, and FTIR spectroscopy. Individual tubes are clearly observed after PVP-wrapped nanotubes were spin-coated onto a silicon wafer as determined by SEM and AFM. Subsequently, a novel and facile approach to attach high-density and uniform size gold nanoparticles on individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes was achieved by in situ reduction of HAuCl₄ in the homogeneous aqueous solution of MWCNTs–PVP.     

玻璃钢渔船结构的特点

介绍了玻璃钢作为造船材料的特点与成型工艺、玻璃钢渔船结构中的板材、骨材以及玻璃钢渔船结构的类型。