Hepatic lipid composition analysis using 3.0-T MR spectroscopy in a steatotic rat model

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of in vivo assessment of hepatic lipid composition using 3.0-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in a steatotic rat model and compare it to histopathological and biochemical assessment.

Materials and Methods

Hepatic steatosis was induced by feeding rats with a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1, 2, 3, 5 or 7 weeks (n=5 per group). At the end of the diet period, ¹H-MRS of the liver was performed, and rats were sacrificed for histopathological and biochemical assessment of the liver. Spectra were acquired in a single voxel (1.2 cc) using a point-resolved spectroscopic sequence with TE/TR=35/2000 ms and 64 signal acquisitions. From the MR spectra, peak area ratios were calculated to estimate hepatic lipid composition.

Results

During MCD diet periods, hepatic steatosis significantly increased on histopathology (P<.001). The ¹H-MRS measurements of total hepatic fat content [1.3/(1.3+4.65) ppm] correlated strongly with histological macrovesicular hepatic steatosis (r=0.93, P<.001) and with the biochemical total hepatic fatty acids (r=0.94, P<.001). Total unsaturated fatty acids [TUFA, 5.4/(1.3+4.65) ppm] estimated with ¹H-MRS strongly correlated with the biochemical unsaturated fatty acids (r=0.90, P<.001). Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA, 2.8/(1.3+4.65) ppm] estimated with ¹H-MRS strongly correlated with biochemical PUFA (r=0.91, P<.001). The proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids relative to the amount of total fatty acids (rTUFA, 5.4/1.3ppm) measured with ¹H-MRS strongly correlated with the biochemical amount of unsaturated relative to total hepatic fatty acids (r=0.81, P<.001). The proportion of PUFA relative to the amount of total fatty acids (rPUFA, 2.8/1.3 ppm) measured with ¹H-MRS correlated with the biochemical amount of PUFA relative to total fatty acids (r=0.59, P=0.005,) and with the biochemical amount of omega-6 PUFA relative to total fatty acids (r=0.73, P<.001).PUFA at ¹H-MRS correlated with the histopathologically assessed degree of lobular inflammation in the liver (r=0.57, P=.001).

Conclusion

3.0T ¹H-MRS is able to measure poly- and unsaturated hepatic fatty acids and this strongly correlates with biochemical assessment. This study provides evidence that 3.0-T ¹H-MRS is a noninvasive technique to assess hepatic lipid composition.     

离心式冷水空调机组中CFC11替代工质的研究

对几种 HFCs、HFEs 类新工质和混合工质M1、M2进行了以在离心式冷水空调机组中替代 CFC11为目标的理论循环性能分析。结果表明,M1具有作为 CFC11 灌注式替代物的潜力;HFC143 循环性能优良,更适合应用于新设计的系统中。     

光电等厚干涉实验仪

应用CCD摄像和数字电子技术,研制了新型光电等厚干涉实验仪,不仅能将等厚干涉图像放大显示在监视器屏幕上,而且还可对图像进行数字化读数测量介绍了该仪器的结构和测量原理,以及使用该仪器做“用牛顿环法测透镜的曲率半径”实验的方法,并评定了测量结果．实验结果表明,该仪器不仅干涉条纹图像显示清晰,便于演示实验,而且操作简单,测量精度较高．     

Chapter 11 Simulation studies of efficiency,returns to scale and misspecification with nonlinear functions in DEA

Using statistically designed experiments, 12,500 observations are generated from a 4-pieced Cobb-Douglas function exhibiting increasing and decreasing returns to scale in its different pieces. Performances of DEA and frontier regressions represented by COLS (Corrected Ordinary Least Squares) are compared at sample sizes ofn=50, 100, 150 and 200. Statistical consistency is exhibited, with performances improving as sample sizes increase. Both DEA and COLS generally give good results at all sample sizes. In evaluating efficiency, DEA generally shows superior performance, with BCC models being best (except at corner points), followed by the CCR model and then by COLS, with log-linear regressions performing better than their translog counterparts at almost all sample sizes. Because of the need to consider locally varying behavior, only the CCR and translog models are used for returns to scale, with CCR being the better performer. An additional set of 7,500 observations were generated under conditions that made it possible to compare efficiency evaluations in the presence of collinearity and with model misspecification in the form of added and omitted variables. Results were similar to the larger experiment: the BCC model is the best performer. However, COLS exhibited surprisingly good performances — which suggests that COLS may have previously unidentified robustness properties — while the CCR model is the poorest performer when one of the variables used to generate the observations is omitted.     

Chapter 15 DEA/AR analysis of the 1988–1989 performance of the Nanjing textiles corporation

This article employs new data envelopment analysis/assurance region (DEA/AR) methods to evaluate the efficiency of the 35 textile factories of the Nanjing Textiles Corporation (NTC), Nanjing, China. The returns to scale (RTS) of these factories were studied without assuming that the optimal DEA solutions were unique. All DMUs are identified with pointsE (Extreme Efficient),E (Efficient but not an extreme point) andF (Frontier but not efficient). We then further identify the nonfrontier DMUs with pointsNE, NE andNF according to whether they are projected onto a point inE, E, orF en route to evaluating their performances. All of the inefficient factories were in classNF and had unique optimal primal-dual solution pairs. Consequently, the solution pairs satisfy the strong complementary slackness condition (SCSC). Application of cone-ratio (CR) ARs reduced significantly the number of factories in classE, and showed that some AR-efficient factories were more flexible in adopting the mixture of central planning and market economies that China currently is trying to use. Also, linked-cone (LC) ARs were applied to measure maximum and minimum profit ratios. The SCSC multiplier space approach was utilized to analyze the sensitivity of the efficiency results to potential errors in the data with and without ARs. The results in this article suggest that collective units had a better performance than state-owned units in the two consecutive years analyzed.This paper was written while the author was at the School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, P.R. China.     

Asymptotic Behavior of Heat Kernels on Spheres of Large Dimensions

Forn2, let (μ^x_τ, n)_τ0be the distributions of the Brownian motion on the unit sphereS^{n n+1}starting in some pointxSⁿ. This paper supplements results of Saloff-Coste concerning the rate of convergence ofμ^x_τ, nto the uniform distributionU_nonSⁿforτ→∞ depending on the dimensionn. We show that,[formula]forτ_n:=(ln n+2s)/(2n), where erf denotes the error function. Our proof depends on approximations of the measuresμ^x_τ, nby measures which are known explicitly via Poisson kernels onSⁿ, and which tend, after suitable projections and dilatations, to normal distributions on forn→∞. The above result as well as some further related limit results will be derived in this paper in the slightly more general context of Jacobi-type hypergroups.     

On the time to first failure in multicomponent exponential reliability systems

Consider an n-component reliability system having the property that at any time each of its components is either up (i.e., working) or down (i.e., being repaired). Each component acts independently and we suppose that each time the i^th component goes up it remains up for an exponentially distributed time having mean μ_i, and each time it goes down it remains down for an exponentially distributed time having mean υ_i. We further suppose that whether or not the system itself is up at any time depends only on which components are up at that time. We are interested in the distribution of the time of first system failure when all components are initially up at time zero. In section 2 we show that this distribution has the NBU (i.e., new better than used) property, and in Section 3 we make use of this and other results to obtain a lower bound to the mean time until first system failure.     

Some remarks on the operator of Foias and Williams

In this paper we study the Foias-Williams operator

where , and is a Hankel operator with symbol . We exhibit a relationship between the similarity of to a contraction and the rate of decay of , the absolute values of the Fourier coefficients of the symbol .

     

应用色偏振理论改变透射光的色调和饱和度

分析了色偏振的光谱与d(no-ne)的关系曲线 ,得出了色偏振现象的一些规律和应用。同时 ,指出由色偏振理论可以改变透射光的色调和饱和度的方法     

一种具有深度值的莫尔轮廓图

提出一种具有深度值的莫尔轮廓图。将一称为高标的正圆锥与被测物一起置于粗光栅之后 ,平行光照明 ,远场拍照。在所拍图片上高标的高度值 (已知 )除以高标上的等高线数即可求得相邻等高线的深度值 ,进而直接在莫尔轮廓图上读出任一点到基准点的深度差值