一种简便的计算层析系统X射线硬化校正方法

以实物拍摄为依据,用一种最简便的修正方法解决计算机X射线层析术成像时由于硬化效应引起的切片图灰度失真问题。用高性能数字X射线机FAXITRON MX-20(射线管焦点20μm,探测板灰度等级16位)对不同厚度的物体进行透射成像,测得对应的透射光强度,并利用新创的指数拟合法得到理想的拟合曲线,由此推导硬化效应的指数校正公式;最后利用实验室的微型计算机层析设备进行扇形束扫描,并逆投影重建生成计算层析断层图像,验证了该校正方法的实用性。该指数拟合法的误差不到常用的二阶多项式拟合法的1/3,对物体计算层析重构,硬化校正以前有明显的“杯状”伪迹,切片灰度不均匀,用指数法修正以后该伪迹消失,切片灰度均匀。     

Excess molar heat capacity of isobutyric acid–water binary liquid mixtures near and far away from the critical temperature

The heat capacity of the liquid–liquid mixture isobutyric acid–water has been measured for the first time near and far away from its critical point using an adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure, in the one phase region as a function of three temperatures: (1) T − T_C = 0.055 °C, (2) T − T_C = 3.055 °C, (3) T − T_C = 8.055 °C and of the composition X in acid (IA). The heat capacity C_p decreases rapidly when X increases at the used temperatures. Near the critical composition, C_p is not affected by the correlation of the concentration fluctuations.

The molar excess heat capacity of the system under investigation was analysed along the phase diagram and considered as a structural transformation effect.     

普朗克常量测定系统中实验数据的采集和处理

介绍了在光电效应实验系统改造中,关于实验数据的采集和处理方法。     

4种等温物态方程适用性的比较研究

 通过分析现有文献,认为4种两参数的物态方程在高压物理研究中较为流行,它们是Vinet、Baonza、Morse和Born-Meyer（BM）方程。将这4种方程用于拟合50种材料的实验压缩数据,得出了零压下压缩模量及其一阶压力导数的优化取值,并计算了4种方程的平均压力误差。结果表明,Morse方程的精度最高,对50种材料的平均拟合误差为0.557 6%;BM方程次之,平均误差为0.615 1%;Vinet和Baonza方程的误差大一些,分别为0.788 9%和0.833 3%。对8种典型材料计算了压力误差随压强变化的曲线,所得结果与平均误差的趋势一致,也是Morse方程的精度最高。在宽广压力范围的高压物态方程研究中,推荐使用Morse方程。     

The Pietra term structures of financial assets

This paper explores an elemental connection between call options-the most commonly tradable financial derivatives, implied volatility term structures-critical “market information” emanating from call-option prices, and the Pietra index-a quantitative economic measure of societal egalitarianism. Our study: (i) unveils an intrinsic “Pietra structure” of call-option prices; (ii) introduces the notion of the “Pietra term structures” of financial assets; (iii) describes the probabilistic meaning of the Pietra term structures; (iv) establishes an explicit nonlinear one-to-one mapping between the Pietra term structures and the implied volatility term structures of financial assets. The results presented in this paper provide a deep insight into the econophysics of call options and implied volatility term structures.     

用计算机实现物理实验数据可视化

运用MATLAB语言处理物理实验中的数据绘图问题。     

BLENDS OF STYRENE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER AND ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE. REINFORCING EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

Blends of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) or maleic anhydride–grafted polypropylene (MAP) were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. Static and dynamic experiments at room temperature in previous works showed that the added homopolymers have a significant influence in the improvement of the general mechanical properties of the SBS when the homopolymer is the dispersed phase. Our aim was to study the reinforcing effect as a function of temperature. When the glass transition of the polystyrene blocks in the SBS is approached (40°C–50°C in static experiments), there is a significant worsening of the failure properties, as well as a profile change in the stress-strain plot. If a reinforcing hard phase is added, these changes can be decreased. The temperature dependence of the reinforcing effect of the added homopolymer was evaluated with the analysis of tensile experiments in terms of various theoretical models. A modified activation energy model with temperature-dependent parameters was used to describe the nonlinear regime and quantitatively compare the properties of the different blends with those of pure SBS.     

刃边法检测空间相机MTF的方法研究

空间相机的MTF是描述成像系统的空间频率响应特性的重要指标之一。在介绍刃边法计算空间相机MTF原理的基础上,描述了刃边法的计算过程,结合天绘一号卫星在轨传感器MTF检测,对高分辨率相机的MTF进行了计算。结果表明,刃边法检测卫星相机MTF的方法可行,能够获得较好的评价结果。     

8 mm回旋行波管和返波管的三折螺旋波纹波导色散分析

 三折螺旋波纹波导使TE11模和TE21模相互耦合,其色散曲线能够在宽频带内与电子回旋共振,因此需要对色散方程进行研究。提出了适合工程实用的行波模式和返波模式的色散方程,并对方程中的耦合系数进行了简化,误差在1%左右。利用CST软件的VBA语言对螺旋波纹波导进行建模和计算,根据模拟得到的传输特性曲线的特点,提出一种模拟方法,将模拟与理论计算得到的色散曲线作对比,误差在5%左右。