全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3956篇 |
免费 | 238篇 |
国内免费 | 399篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1427篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 607篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
数学 | 671篇 |
物理学 | 1849篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 155篇 |
2022年 | 137篇 |
2021年 | 119篇 |
2020年 | 154篇 |
2019年 | 106篇 |
2018年 | 113篇 |
2017年 | 142篇 |
2016年 | 129篇 |
2015年 | 125篇 |
2014年 | 187篇 |
2013年 | 250篇 |
2012年 | 165篇 |
2011年 | 289篇 |
2010年 | 209篇 |
2009年 | 245篇 |
2008年 | 270篇 |
2007年 | 227篇 |
2006年 | 212篇 |
2005年 | 164篇 |
2004年 | 153篇 |
2003年 | 174篇 |
2002年 | 133篇 |
2001年 | 116篇 |
2000年 | 73篇 |
1999年 | 77篇 |
1998年 | 67篇 |
1997年 | 46篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有4593条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
11.
《Physics letters. A》2020,384(34):126864
We address the investigation of non trivial properties of the energy current in boundary driven XXZ quantum spin models. In specific, we focus on the occurrence of the one-way street phenomenon in asymmetrical chains, a phenomenon stronger than rectification, which establishes the existence of a unique way for the energy current in the absence of external magnetic field, that is, the magnitude and direction of the energy flow does not change as we invert the baths at the boundaries. For general target polarizations at the boundaries, we show that such a phenomenon holds in the presence of long range interactions, ingredient which increases the flow and the rectification in chains of classical oscillators, and so, of interest in the study of manipulation and control of the energy flow. 相似文献
12.
《Current Applied Physics》2020,20(1):49-57
In this work, we report a new method for extending the response spectra of organic photodetectors (OPDs) by incorporating PBDT-TT-C and PBDT-TT-F in the P3HT:PC61BM. The effects of PBDT-TT-C and PBDT-TT-F incorporation on the optical and electrical properties of OPDs were investigated, It was found that when the mass ratio of P3HT:PBDT-TT-F:PBDT-TT-C:PC61BM was 12:2:2:8, the response spectrum of the active layer was extended to 780 nm. The responsivity (R) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OPDs reached 340, 376, 315 mA/W and 67%, 88%, 85% under 630, 530, and 460 nm illumination and −1 V bias, respectively, and the detectivity (D*) reached 1012 Jones. The results show that the inclusion of an appropriate amount of donor material with similar chemical structure and complementary absorption spectrum can reduce the influence of the doping material on the micro-morphology of the original film while improving the absorption of the spectrum. The interaction between the donor materials promotes the generation of photogenerated carriers and increases the photocurrent of the OPDs. In addition, the incorporation of the different component promotes crystallization of the film, resulting in a reduction in dark current of the OPDs. 相似文献
13.
Photophysical properties of a series of high luminescent europium complexes with fluorinated ligands
Jiangbo Yu 《Journal of luminescence》2011,131(2):328-335
A series of high luminescent europium complexes have been synthesized, such as Eu(TFNB)3phen (1), Eu(PFNP)3phen (2), Eu(HFNH)3phen (3) and Eu(PFND)3phen (4), which have β-diketone ligands containing fluorinated alkyl chains with different lengths and conjugated naphthyl groups, i.e., 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)butane-1,3-dione (TFNB); 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)pentane-1,3-dione (PFNP); 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)hexane-1,3-dione (HFNH) and 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-pentadecafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)decane-1,3-dione (PFND). And 10-phenanthroline (phen) is coordinated as the neutral second ligand in 1-4. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been studied, which are typical and similar to that of 3. The results of TGA-DTA suggest that these Eu complexes have good thermal stabilities. By means of absorption and (time resolved) emission spectroscopy including determination of luminescence quantum yields, energy transfer dynamics and so on, the following results have been obtained: first, these Eu complexes show characteristic pure red color photoluminescence emission with high quantum efficiencies from the central Eu3+ ions through the excitation of the ligands; secondly, photophysical properties of 1, 2, 3 and 4, especially the lifetimes of excited states 5D0 of Eu3+ ions and quantum efficiencies are influenced by the different lengths of fluorinated alkyl chains, though the singlets (S1) and triplets (T1) of the fluorinated ligands are almost the same. 相似文献
14.
Photoluminescence and lifetime decay properties of varied valence Eu were employed to investigate the luminescence mechanism of green-light emission positioned at ∼515 nm for full color emission LaAlO3 phosphor co-doped with Eu2+ and Eu3+. The enhanced 5D2→7F3 transition emission of Eu3+ was assigned for this green emission. Energy transfer between Eu2+ and 5D2 level of Eu3+ was proposed, which results in the enhancement of 5D2→7F3 transition emission. In addition, energy transfer relations between host-Eu and charge transfer state (CTS)-Eu were also discussed associated with the PLE spectra and band schemes. 相似文献
15.
Gwan-Hyoung Lee 《Journal of luminescence》2011,131(12):2606-2611
The correlation between the crystal structure and luminescent properties of Eu3+-doped metal tungstate phosphors for white LEDs was investigated. Red-emitting A4−3x(WO4)2:Eux3+ (A=Li, Na, K) and B(4−3x)/2(WO4)2:Eux3+ (B=Mg, Ca, Sr) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reactions. The findings confirmed that these phosphors exhibited a strong absorption in the near UV to green range, due to the intra-configurational 4f-4f electron transition of Eu3+ ions. The high doping concentration of Eu3+ enhanced the absorption of near UV light and red emission without any detectable concentration quenching. Based on the results of a Rietveld refinement, it was attributed to the unique crystal structure. In the crystal structure of the Eu3+-doped metal tungstate phosphor, the critical energy transfer distance is larger than 5 Å so that exchange interactions between Eu3+ ions would occur with difficulty, even at a high doping concentration. The energy transfer between Eu3+ ions, which causes a decrease in red emission with increasing concentration of Eu3+, appears to be due to electric multi-polar interactions. In addition, the Eu-O distance in the host lattice affected the shape of emission spectrum by splitting of emission peak at the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. 相似文献
16.
Michael F. Zimmer 《Journal of statistical physics》1993,73(3-4):751-764
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is not expected to hold for systems that either violate detailed balance or have time-dependent or nonpotential forces. Therefore the relation between response and correlation functions should have contributions due to the nonequilibrium nature. An explicit formula for such a contribution is calculated, which in the present derivation appears as a historydependent term. These relations are the Ward-Takahashi identities of a supersymmetric formulation of the Langevin models, and the new term results from a broken supersymmetry. 相似文献
17.
The theory for a general departure function, f, for laser-irradiated cavities was previously developed to estimate laser energy coupling to an opaque solid target as a function of heat transfer and the cavity shape and size. In this article, a specific form of f is calculated for ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) targets. Methods are also given for calculating the geometric factor, a, and experimentally determining the heat transfer parameter, ν, which is shown for this form of f to be the intensity-dependent effective reflectivity of the material. Experimental results for different gauges of laser energy coupling with a solid target are given and compared to calculations of net absorbed energy based on f and the incident laser energy. Using the simplified cavity analysis, the results demonstrate that the experimental values for f fall within the limits predicted by the theory, and that energy coupling can be predicted to within a mean of 2% of experimental gauges. Neglecting the factors in f from calculations of energy coupling can lead to large errors for laser-irradiated cavities, establishing that both cavity shape and heat transfer should be simultaneously considered. In addition, a first-order sensitivity analysis based on f shows that the initial rate of change in material removal strongly increases with reflectivity, which can lead to runaway cavity formation for highly reflective materials. 相似文献
18.
Sergei B. Kuksin 《Journal of statistical physics》2006,122(1):101-114
We use the balance relations for the stationary in time solutions of the randomly forced 2D Navier-Stokes equations, found
in [10], to study these solutions further. We show that the vorticity ξ(t,x) of a stationary solution has a finite exponential moment, and that for any
the expectation of the integral of
over the level-set
, up to a constant factor equals the expectation of the integral of
over the same set. 相似文献
19.
We construct the theory of carriers confined in Si quantum dots with finite energy barriers for electrons and holes in the framework of the multiband effective mass theory. We apply this theory for theoretical modeling of the excitation of erbium inside and outside of Si nanocrystals in SiO2 matrix due to the Auger process induced by the recombination of a confined electron-hole pair as well as the intraband transitions of “hot” confined carriers. Auger de-excitation processes of the Er3+ ion leading to the quenching of erbium luminescence are discussed as well. 相似文献
20.
Fei Zhang GaoShan Huang XiaoFei Nie Xin Cao Zhe Ma Fei Ding ZengFeng Di HongLou Zhen YongFeng Mei 《Physics letters. A》2019,383(24):2938-2942
In this study, we investigate the modulation of energy band in 3D self-assembled nanomembranes containing GaAs/Al0.26Ga0.74As quantum wells (QWs). Photoluminescence (PL) characterizations demonstrate that the self-assembled structures have different optical transition properties and the modulation of the energy band is thus realized. Detailed spectral analyses disclose that the small strain change in structures with different curvatures cannot cause remarkable change in energy bands in Al0.26Ga0.74As layer. On the other hand, the optical transitions of GaAs QW layer is influenced by the strain evolution in term of light emission intensity. We also find the first order Stark effect in rolled-up nanomembrane with diameter of 150 μm, which is closely connected with the coupling effect between the deformation potential and the piezoelectric potential. Our work may pave a way for the fabrication of high performance rolled-QW infrared photo-detectors. 相似文献