A Modified Version of the Grimm's Glow Discharge Lamp for Use as a Demountable Hollow Cathode Emission Source. III. Blackening as a Function of Discharge Parameters

Abstract

The influence of anode distance from hollow cathode on the blackening? of spectral lines excited by means of the modified Grimm's lamp was investigated for three representative cathodic materials, i.e. aluminium, copper and graphite using argon as the carrier gas. On the basis of the experimental results as well as voltage-current characteristic curves at distances of 7, 15, 20, 25 and 33 mm, it was possible to conclude that the optimal sets of discharge parameters for all the materials investigated are based on an electrode distance of 20-25 mm. In the case of copper a distance of 33 mm was also found to be highly suitable. An increase in the emission of copper lines at the largest anodic length with increasing pressure of the noble gas was also observed, in contrast with the behavior of the same element at shorter distances. A tentative interpretation of the phenomenon is given.     

磷青铜表面合金镀层的辉光放电发射光谱逐层分析

应用辉光放电发射光谱分析技术，从纯金属求得难以测定的试样表层合金的溅射率，对磷青铜薄带的镀层（Ａｇ－Ｃｕ）合金进行表面逐层分析，得到镀层中银和铜含量随深度的变化曲线，同时测得了镀层的厚度。     

Temperature effects on the emission properties of Yb-doped optical fibers

Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers are making impressive leaps in power production. Yet in spite of fiber’s large surface area to volume ratio which is beneficial for cooling, such power inevitably leads to high core temperatures that in turn affect the laser performance. In this paper, the temperature effects on the emission and fluorescence lifetime of ytterbium-doped optical fibers are investigated. From these the temperature dependent emission and absorption cross-sections are calculated.     

Optimal Security Liquidation Algorithms

This paper develops trading strategies for liquidation of a financial security, which maximize the expected return. The problem is formulated as a stochastic programming problem that utilizes the scenario representation of possible returns. Two cases are considered, a case with no constraint on risk and a case when the risk of losses associated with trading strategy is constrained by Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure. In the first case, two algorithms are proposed; one is based on linear programming techniques, and the other uses dynamic programming to solve the formulated stochastic program. The third proposed algorithm is obtained by adding the risk constraints to the linear program. The algorithms provide path-dependent strategies, i.e., the fraction of security sold depends upon price sample-path of the security up to the current moment. The performance of the considered approaches is tested using a set of historical sample-paths of prices.     

Emission spectroscopy of a new Δ-1Δ system of VO

High-resolution spectra of VO have been reinvestigated in the 12 000-31 000 cm⁻¹ region. VO was produced in a vanadium hollow cathode lamp by discharging 1.5 Torr of Ar and the spectra were recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The oxygen needed to produce VO was present in the system as an impurity. Three new bands observed in the 21 000-22 100 cm⁻¹ region have been attributed to a new ²Δ-1²Δ electronic transition of VO. Two bands, with origins near 21 044 and 22 038 cm⁻¹, have been assigned as the 0-1 and 0-0 bands of the ²Δ_3/2-1²Δ_3/2 sub-band while a weak band with an origin near 21 975 cm⁻¹ has been assigned as the 0-0 band of the corresponding ²Δ_5/2-1²Δ_5/2 sub-band. A rotational analysis of these sub-bands has been obtained and spectroscopic constants have been extracted. The 1²Δ state is known from the previous analyses of the doublet transitions of VO in the near infrared. The present observation has allowed the determination of the vibrational interval ΔG_1/2 and the equilibrium rotational constants for the 1²Δ_3/2 state.     

Selective grafting of amine groups on polyethylene by means of NH3−H2 RF glow discharges

Plasma treatments in Radio Frequency Glow Discharges fed with NH₃−H₂ mixtures have been performed for modifying polyethylene surfaces. Treatment kinetics and the role of species present in the glow have been investigated. Actinometric Optical Emission Spectroscopy has been utilized as a plasma diagnostic technique. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis has been utilized for studying surface composition of treated substrates, which have been examined both astreated and after derivatization of amine-functionalities with 4-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde vapors. It has been found that experimental plasma parameters and plasma density of active species can be controlled to achieve selective grafting of-NH₂ among all other nitrogen-containing groups.     

了本岛津产ICPl000型等离子体发射光谱仪的改造方法（软件部分）

提出了日本岛津1000型ICP改造后的软件设计方法，详细介绍了核心控制程序软件、服务程序框图和终端操作界面，阐明了标定放大系数、制作校准曲线的原理和方法。为该种大型精密光学仪器的改造做了有益的尝试。     

A General Stochastic Calculus Approach to Insider Trading

The purpose of this paper is to present a general stochastic calculus approach to insider trading. We consider a market driven by a standard Brownian motion $B(t)$ on a filtered probability space $\displaystyle (\Omega,\F,\left\{\F\right\}_{t\geq 0},P)$ where the coefficients are adapted to a filtration ${\Bbb G}=\left\{\G_t\right\}_{0\leq t\leq T}$, with $\F_t\subset\G_t$ for all $t\in [0,T]$, $T>0$ being a fixed terminal time. By an {\it insider} in this market we mean a person who has access to a filtration (information) $\displaystyle{\Bbb H}=\left\{\H_t\right\}_{0\leq t\leq T}$ which is strictly bigger than the filtration $\displaystyle{\Bbb G}=\left\{\G_t\right\}_{0\leq t\leq T}$. In this context an insider strategy is represented by an $\H_t$-adapted process $\phi(t)$ and we interpret all anticipating integrals as the forward integral defined in [23] and [25]. We consider an optimal portfolio problem with general utility for an insider with access to a general information $\H_t \supset\G_t$ and show that if an optimal insider portfolio $\pi^*(t)$ of this problem exists, then $B(t)$ is an $\H_t$-semimartingale, i.e. the enlargement of filtration property holds. This is a converse of previously known results in this field. Moreover, if $\pi^*$ exists we obtain an explicit expression in terms of $\pi^*$ for the semimartingale decomposition of $B(t)$ with respect to $\H_t$. This is a generalization of results in [16], [20] and [2].     

蚊蝇杀灭器及其发射光谱分析

文章首先介绍了蚊蝇杀灭器在佛山市两个单位的职工饭堂厨房和会议室或值班室的试验情况。然后围绕文中四个图说明了下面四个问题：一，展示了进行光谱分析的测量装置。二，将蚊蝇杀灭器黑光灯的发射光谱和日用荧光灯发射光谱作分析比较。三，指出黑光灯也是一种荧光灯，说明了它的发光机理。四，展示了国外一种高效黑光灯的发射光谱，它是用活性铈钙磷酸脂做荧光涂料，我们进一步深入探讨了这种黑光灯的发光机制，并介绍了它的其他用     

原子发射光谱内标法测量误差的研究

证明了原子发射光谱内标法的测量误差。当分析线和内标线的相对强度等于1时，测量误差最小。