Numerical simulation of the thermal non-equilibrium flow-field characteristics of a hypersonic Apollo-like vehicle

In order to investigate the relationship between the flow-field parameters outside the vehicle and the altitude, this paper takes the Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator (ARD) with an angle of attack of -20° as the research object and adopts a two-temperature model coupled with the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model to focus on the variation of flow-field parameters including flow-field pressure, Mach number and temperature with the reentry altitude. It is found that the flow-field high-pressure region and low-Mach region both appear in the shock layer near the head of the ARD, while the maximum pressure of the surface appears on the windward side of the ARD's head with a toroidal distribution, and the numerical magnitude is inversely proportional to the radius of the torus. With fluid through the shoulder of the ARD flow expansion plays a dominant role, the airflow velocity increases, the Mach number of the windward side of the rear cone increases and the flow-field pressure and surface pressure rapidly decrease. When the fluid passes through the shock layer, the translational-rotation temperature will increase before the vibration-electron temperature, there is a thermal non-equilibrium effect and the two temperatures will rapidly decrease again when approaching the surface of the ARD due to the existence of temperature gradient. At the same time, both the windward side of the shoulder and the back cover of the ARD suffer from a large thermal load and require thermal protection.     

Time domain finite volume method for three-dimensional structural–acoustic coupling analysis

This work extends the application of finite volume method (FVM) to structural–acoustic problems. A three-dimensional time domain FVM (TDFVM) is proposed to predict the transient response and natural characteristics of structural–acoustic coupling systems. Acoustic wave equation in heterogeneous medium and structural dynamic equation are solved in fluid and solid sub-domains respectively. The structural–acoustic coupling is implemented according to normal components of particle acceleration continuity condition and normal traction equilibrium condition at the interface. The computational domain is discretized with four-node tetrahedral grid which is generated easily and has strong adaptability to complicated geometries. Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the accuracy of the method in both time domain and frequency domain. The results show good agreement with analytical solutions and numerical results. For structural–acoustic problem, TDFVM has the capability to consider the heterogeneity of both fluid and solid.     

Redox-mediated Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) Behavior in Perylenediimide Derivative: A Supramolecular Approach

Deaggregated perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives exhibit exceptionally high quantum yields, photostability and appropriate molecular features for organic electronics. This work demonstrates a metal–dye–metal framework with a large and stable negative differential resistance (NDR) at ambient conditions, built using a supramolecular strategy. The deaggregation achieved through the encapsulation of the bay-substituted phenyl groups of aggregated (l/d )-Phe-PDI dyes by the β-CD macrocyclic host is validated through detailed spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The host–guest interaction resulted in a dramatic enhancement in the emission yield from 0.28 to 0.90. In the thin film deposits, the β-CD/(l/d )-Phe-PDI complex displayed well-connected sheet-like morphology, whereas the uncomplexed (l/d )-Phe-PDI dye remained as scattered lumps. The large and reversible I–V characteristics displaying strong NDR behavior is attributed to the oxidation/reduction processes involving the rigid π-rich PDI core and is stable at least for about six months at ambient conditions, a promising system for organic electronics applications.     

Synthesis and analysis of thermal characteristics of polybenzoxazine based on phenol and 3‐Amino phenyl boronic acid

In this work, 3‐amino phenyl boronic acid (AB) was used as an aniline derivative in the preparation of polybenzoxazine based on phenol. In order to investigate the effect of boronic acid on thermal characteristics, polybenzoxazines based on pure aniline and 50% aniline and AB mixture were also prepared and analyzed. Significant improvements in thermal characteristics, increase in thermal stability and char yield, was recorded for the polymers based on AB or its mixture. This behavior was associated with crosslinked structures generated by condensation reactions of B? OH groups. Morphologic and thermal characteristics of polybenzoxazines samples were investigated by NMR, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry (DP‐MS) techniques. Application of DP‐MS technique also supplied additional information on crosslinked structures produced by boronic acid units. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1711–1716     

A significant enhancement in thermoelectric power factor of In2Te3 thin films by Se doping and Te composition tuning

Thermoelectric power factor of a material significantly relies on its electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. Herein, an attempt has been made to enhance the thermoelectric power factor of In₂Te₃ thin films by tuning their Te composition and via Se doping. The optimum Se-doping concentration and Te composition enhanced the power factor of pristine In₂Te₃ films by 14 and 7.4 times, respectively. The modified chemical composition, structural characteristics, and surface morphological features of In₂Te₃ films are observed to be pivotal in improving their thermoelectric power factor. Overall, this study offers a facile approach to control the thermoelectric power factor of In₂Te₃ thin films which is significant for their futuristic applications.     

落叶松受雅氏落叶松尺蠖危害程度光谱检测

近年来蒙古国雅氏落叶松尺蠖灾害不断加剧，逐渐逼近大兴安岭地区，将威胁我国北方森林生态系统安全。以现代遥感监测方法替代传统检测方法，及早掌握该虫害发生发展规律对防控有重要意义。为快速、大范围遥感监测雅氏落叶松尺蠖灾害，利用光谱分析技术研究了该害虫危害下落叶松受害程度检测模型。通过实测健康和轻度、中度、重度受害落叶松光谱，计算与比较不同受害程度落叶松原始光谱和去除包络线光谱的敏感度，揭示光谱敏感波段及去除包络线光谱敏感性。然后对去除包络线光谱进行一阶导数变换获得光谱特征参数并分析其随受害程度的变化特征，构建基于CART(分类与回归树)算法的落叶松受害程度光谱检测模型。研究表明：去除包络线光谱敏感性比原始光谱更显著，尤其在480～520 nm(蓝边)、640～720 nm(红谷、红边)、1 416～1 500 nm(短波红外谷)等波段内光谱敏感度介于0.1～2.0，而且出现了敏感峰现象。随受害程度增加，去除包络线光谱敏感性增强趋势比原始光谱更明显；在蓝边波段上去除包络线光谱敏感峰位置向短波方向移动，即502 nm→490 nm，而在红谷及红边、短波红外谷等波段上光谱敏感峰位置向长波方向移动，即664 nm→672 nm和1 436 nm→1 448 nm；红谷位置和短波红外谷位置归一化反射率以及红谷和短波红外谷面积呈上升趋势。在蓝边与红边波段内去除包络线光谱一阶导数对受害程度有明显响应，出现了波峰现象。随害虫危害程度加剧红边位置蓝移(718 nm→700 nm)，红边斜率及面积和蓝边斜率及面积呈下降趋势。基于此，利用红边斜率、红谷位置和短波红外谷位置归一化反射率、红谷和短波红外谷面积、蓝边斜率及面积等去除包络线光谱特征参数构建的CART模型对落叶松受害程度有很好的检测能力。与多元线性回归模型相比，CART模型检测精度更高，其Kappa系数达0.875。研究结果对雅氏落叶松尺蠖灾害的防治有参考价值。     

用于连续抽样方案的两类更优的中止规则

本文提出并讨论了适用于各类连续抽样方案的两参数中止规则 [N ,c]和 [R ,d]。作为应用 ,以MIL STD 12 35B中公布的CSP V方案为例 ,计算并给出了相应的中止参数 ,还将 [N ,c],[R ,d]与已有的两类规则 [S],[R]进行了特性比较。结果表明 ,[N ,c]和 [R ,d]均具有更优的统计特性     

Dynamic characteristics of a cantilever beam with partial self-sensing active constrained layer damping treatment

The equations of motion governing the vibration of a cantilever beam with partially treated self-sensing active constrained layer damping treatment(SACLD) are derived by application of the extended Hamilton principle. The assumed-modes method and closed loop velocity feedback control law are used to analyze and control the flexural vibration of the beam. The influence of the bonding layer and piezoelectric layer thickness, material properties, placements of the piezoelectric patch and feedback control parameters on the actuation ability of the vibration suppression are investigated. Some design considerations for pure passive, pure active control, and self-sensing active constrained layer damping are discussed. The present work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59635140).     

Stable reconstruction of regular 1-Harmonic maps with a given trace at the boundary

We consider the numerical solvability of the Dirichlet problem for the 1-Laplacian in a planar domain endowed with a metric conformal with the Euclidean one. Provided that a regular solution exists, we present a globally convergent method to find it. The global convergence allows to show a local stability in the Dirichlet problem for the 1-Laplacian nearby regular solutions. Such problems occur in conductivity imaging, when knowledge of the magnitude of the current density field (generated by an imposed boundary voltage) is available inside. Numerical experiments illustrate the feasibility of the convergent algorithm in the context of the conductivity imaging problem.