激光诱导击穿光谱对焊缝熔合区的元素成分分布分析

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是近十几年来快速发展的一种新的表面分析工具,由于具有分析速度快、灵敏度高等优点,故在材料科学领域引起广泛的关注。文中采用LIBS、扫描电子显微镜／能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和电子探针显微分析(EPMA)三种分析方法,对两类不同焊缝的熔合线区域进行线扫描分析,研究了Ni,Mn,C,Si等元素在熔合线区域含量的变化情况。结果表明,对于含量较高且焊缝和母材成分差别较大的Ni和Mn元素,三种方法获得了一致的分析结果,两试样焊缝内的Ni和Mn含量均高于母材,在熔合线区域明显体现出浓度梯度分布。三种方法根据Ni和Mn的浓度分布测得的熔合线区宽度值比较接近。对于含量较低且焊缝和母材成分差别较小的C和Si元素,采用SEM/EDS和EPMA时,焊缝与母材之间的成分差异没有分析出来;而采用LIBS时,两区域的成分差异则可以清晰的展现出来,在熔合区域能够清楚观察到浓度梯度分布曲线。LIBS的分析灵敏度明显高于SEM/EDS和EPMA,在分析低含量元素时更具优势。     

The computation of dispersion relations for axisymmetric waveguides using the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method

This paper addresses the computation of dispersion curves and mode shapes of elastic guided waves in axisymmetric waveguides. The approach is based on a Scaled Boundary Finite Element formulation, that has previously been presented for plate structures and general three-dimensional waveguides with complex cross-section. The formulation leads to a Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem for the computation of wavenumbers and displacement amplitudes, that can be solved very efficiently. In the axisymmetric representation, only the radial direction in a cylindrical coordinate system has to be discretized, while the circumferential direction as well as the direction of propagation are described analytically. It is demonstrated, how the computational costs can drastically be reduced by employing spectral elements of extremely high order. Additionally, an alternative formulation is presented, that leads to real coefficient matrices. It is discussed, how these two approaches affect the computational efficiency, depending on the elasticity matrix. In the case of solid cylinders, the singularity of the governing equations that occurs in the center of the cross-section is avoided by changing the quadrature scheme. Numerical examples show the applicability of the approach to homogeneous as well as layered structures with isotropic or anisotropic material behavior.     

Finite element simulation of dip coating,I: Newtonian fluids

A finite element simulation of the dip coating process based on a discretization of the continuum with discontinuous pressure elements is presented. The algorithm computes the flow field from natural boundary conditions while an extra condition provided by the existence of free surface is employed to displace the meniscus location towards the actual position. The process is iterative and uses a pseudo-time stepping technique coupled to a cubic spline fitting of the free surface. Numerical predictions exhibit good agreement with experimental data for Newtonian fluids in the case of flat plate dip coating as well as in the case of wire dip coating.     

An approximately divergence-free 9-node velocity element (with variations) for incompressible flows

Explicit basis functions are constructed for 9-node biquadratic velocity fields which guarantee that a weak form of the continuity equation is satisfied. The corresponding pressure approximations are either piecewise constant, piecewise linear or piecewise bilinear. These results are extended to give bases for bilinear velocity/piecewise constant pressure elements and also to some three-dimensional brick elements.     

Numerical modelling of viscous non-Newtonian effects in lubricating systems

Modern lubricants often exhibit shear-thinning due to the presence of high molecular weight polymers as additives. Therefore the influence of such non-Newtonian effects on the performances of lubricating systems must be predicted. The corresponding fluid film flow is governed by a non-linear partial differential equation, which generalizes the classical Reynolds equation. Having prescribed adequate boundary conditions, this equation is solved by a finite element method with optimal control. The problem of the square slider bearing lubricated by the Rabinowitsch fluid is solved in order to test the accuracy of the numerical scheme. The pressure and velocity fields are given and compared with the corresponding ones obtained for the Newtonian fluid.     

On euclidean domains

We consider Euclidean domains and their groups of units. Let K(a,b) be the set of remainders in the division of a by b. If Card K(a,b) = 1 for any a and b from a Euclidean domain R, then R is known to be isomorphic to the ring of polynomials over some field, see [4], [5]. On the other hand, the condition Card K(a,b) = 2 for any a and b implies that R is isomorphic to the ring Z of integers, see [2]. We give characterization of Euclidean domains and their groups of units under some other conditions on K(a,b).     

在环境科学与生命科学研究中广泛应用的元素形态分析研究进展

按测试方法分类,包括电化学分析方法、毛细管电泳法,分子活化分析法,计算机模拟以及以气相色谱、高效液相色谱,流动注射等为基础的联用技术,对近lO年来广泛应用于环境与生命科学的国内外元素形态分析研究进展进行了综述。     

石墨消解-ICP-MS法同时测定铜精矿中4种有害元素

为弥补标准检测方法的不足,建立了石墨消解-ICP-MS法同时检测铜精矿中Pb、Cd、As 和Hg等4种有害元素。确定了样品前处理和仪器分析条件。用铜精矿标准样品和参考样品分别进行7次重复实验,Pb、Cd和As的检测结果均在标准值范围内,Hg的检测结果与参考值基本一致。7次重复检测结果的变异系数符合GB/T 27417-2017《合格评定 化学分析方法确认和验证指南》要求。选择5种不同物相铜精矿作为待测样品,通过与标准方法比对,两种方法检测结果的绝对差符合标准方法的再现性要求,说明本方法适用于不同种类的铜精矿。本方法操作简单,可同时测定多种有害元素,实用性强。     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定塑料原料中14种催化剂残留元素

采用微波消解法预处理聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)常用塑料原料,使用压力控制装置对消解过程进行监控并对消解条件进行摸索,考察了消解量、消解体系、消解温度和保持时间对消解结果的影响,优化选择了电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)的测定参数和内标元素。建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定塑料原料中Li、Ca、Mg、Al、Si、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Zn、Ga、Zr、Sb、Hf 14种元素的催化剂残留的检测方法。方法检出限在0.001～10.60μg/L,回收率在82%～120%之间,相对标准偏差小于20%。     

人血清与头发中铜,锌,铁,钙,镁,锰含量的相关分析

平行测定了５４例（男３１例，女２３例）成人血清和头发中铜，锌，铁，钙，镁和锰的含量，相关分析结果表明，血清与头发中６种元素的不相关两类样品比较，血清测定方法简便，误差小，但在检测人体内元素含量水平时，头发的测量结果比血清更灵敏。