Effect of iron-containing catalysts on thermal decomposition of cured GAP-AP propellants

The effects of various burning rate catalysts on thermal decomposition of cured glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellants have been studied by means of thermal analysis and a modified vacuum stability test (MVST). Four types of iron-containing catalysts examined in this paper are catocene, ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (FCA), ferrocene, and ferric oxide. Results of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) revealed that the catalysts play an important role in the decomposition of both AP and GAP. The peak decomposition temperature (T _m) of DTA curves and onset decomposition temperature (T _o) of TG patterns considerably shifted to a lower temperature as the concentration of catalysts increased in the propellants. The endothermic temperature of AP, however, is unaffected by the presence of burning rate catalysts in all cases. The activation energy of decomposition of the propellants in range of 80 to 120°C is determined, based on the MVST results.     

Decomposition of hexafluoropropylene oxide in a strong IR field

Multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) under focused CO₂-laser radiation was studied. A high-energy channel of HFPO decomposition was revealed. The dependences of the MPD yield and the ratio between various channels of HFPO decomposition on the laser radiation frequency in the range from 967.7 to 1090.0 cm^–1, the incident radiation energy, and the initial pressure of HFPO were obtained. A considerable contribution of thermal decomposition of HFPO occurring outside of the irradiated zone to the total yield of its decomposition was established. An explanation for the pressure dependence of the yield of HFPO decomposition was suggested.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2174–2180, November, 1995.The authors are grateful to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research for financial support of this work (Project No. 94-03-09059).     

The effects of the column pressure drop on retention and efficiency in packed and open tubular supercritical fluid chromatography

The effects of the pressure drop across the column on retention and efficiency in SFC have been studied. Numerical methods are described which enable the prediction of hold-up time and pressure drop in both packed and open tubular columns. Predictions of both hold-up time and pressure drop are in good agreement with experimental data. The density gradient along the column can be calculated using the numerical methods and a procedure is described which enables the calculation of the overall capacity factors of the solutes from the density profile in the column. Significant variations of the capacity factor are observed along the column. The effect of the density gradient along the column on local diffusivity and dispersion is studied. The column efficiency in systems with significant pressure drops is affected by changes in: the linear velocity of the mobile phase; the diffusion coefficients; and the capacity factors of the solutes along the column. The overall efficiency of the chromatographic system can be calculated if, as is the case for open tubular columns, adequate plate height equations are available.     

Thermal decomposition kinetics of titanium hydride and Al alloy melt foaming process

Metal foams, now one of research foci, are a newclass of materials with low densities and novel physi-cal, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic prop-erties[1—8]. Demands from high-tech make Al alloyfoam, which has much higher specific strength than ofpure Al foam, the new development focus[9—11]. Melt foaming process is one of the approaches tofabricate Al foam and Al alloy foam and their porestructure (pore diameter and porosity) has close rela-tionship with the thermal decompo…     

废水中偏二甲肼在Ni/Fe催化剂上的催化分解研究

研究了Ni/Fe催化剂对废水中偏二甲肼臭氧化分解的催化作用,考察了组分含量、体系的pH值和偏二甲肼初始浓度对催化反应的影响.结果表明,Ni/Fe催化剂对水中偏二甲肼的臭氧化具有良好的催化活性.催化剂组分含量、体系的pH值和初始浓度对反应的影响程度不大.对催化剂的XRD表征结果表明,催化剂主要由尖晶石结构的铁酸盐和FeNi3合金相组成,催化剂的良好催化性能与催化剂中尖晶石结构的铁酸盐和FeNi3合金相的形成有关.     

Determination of mechanism of thermal decomposition of Mg,Ca and Zn hydrazidocarbonates by evolved gas analysis

Hydrazo-carbonates are complex compounds and products of the reactions between solutions of metal ion and solutions of hydrazido-carbonic acid. The decomposition of Mg(N₂H₃COO)₂. 2H₂O, Ca(N₂H₃COO)₂·H₂O and Zn(N₂H₃COO)₂ in inert atmosphere were studied. By classical thermoanalytical methods and data on the composition of the intermediates and final products the mechanisms of the thermal decomposition could not be resolved therefore also evolved gas analysis was used (EGA). The first step of thermal decomposition of Ca and Mg hydrazidocarbonates is dehydration. With the heating the decomposition of the hydrazido-carbonates proceeds under evolution of the ammonia, carbon monoxide and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide giving as the intermediates for calcium and magnesium compounds the corresponding carbonates oxides as the final products. The zinc compound decomposes to the oxide, ZnO but also zinc cyanamide was detected during to the thermal treatment.     

过氧化苯甲酰的光敏电荷转移分解反应及引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合

过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)的光诱导分解曾为许多工作者所注意。Walling和Gibian认为:以二苯酮为敏化剂时,BPO的敏化光解是通过三重态的能量转移过程。Encinas和Lissi则认为敏化是通过单重激发态使激发能转移至过氧化物基态的热振动态,从而导致过氧化物的分解。Tokumarur是最早提出过氧化苯甲酰光敏化诱导分解过程中存在着激基复合物(Exciplex)的可能性。最近他们又进一步研究以BPO为猝灭剂去猝     

A hybrid approach combining energy density analysis with the interaction energy decomposition method

We propose a new analysis technique for characterizing molecular interactions that combines an energy decomposition scheme, such as the Kitaura-Morokuma decomposition method, with energy density analysis, which partitions the total energy of the system into atomic contributions. The combined scheme, termed Interaction-EDA, enables us to estimate the local contribution of interaction energy components, such as electrostatic, exchange, polarization, and charge transfer. The evaluation of the local interaction energy is rather important in large systems. For a numerical assessment, the Interaction-EDA method is applied to the process of CO adsorption on Si(100) - (2 x 1) surface.     

Mechanism of the thermal decomposition of hydrophosphites of lithium,sodium and potassium

The thermal decomposition of some M ₂ ^I HPO₃ (M-Li, Na, K) phosphites under nitrogen atmosphere was investigated. A stepwise mechanism of thermal decomposition has been proposed.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die thermische Zersetzung von Phosphiten M ₂ ^I HPO₃ (M-Li, Na, K) in Stickstoffatmosphere untersucht. Die Schritte des Mechanismus der thermischen Zersetzung wurden vorgeschlagen.

     

氧化锶催化性质：Ⅱ.SrO,MgO上异丙醇的分解反应

ＳｒＯ，ＭｓＯ对异丙醇的分解反应有各自的作用形式，因而产物分布也有明显差别．ＭｇＯ上异丙醇分解，在较低温度时，主要产物为丙酮和丙烯；随温度升高，生成丙烯的量增加，而丙酮的量减少，直至消失，在ＳｒＯ上，异丙醇在较高温度时反应，产物几乎为丙酮，丙烯的生成量极少。认为：产物中丙烯来源于异丙醇在催化剂表面强酸中心上的脱水；丙酮在ＭｇＯ上来源于强碱中心和酸中心协同作用异丙醇的脱氢，而在ＳｒＯ上则是ＳｒＯ表面极强的碱中心作用异丙醇而脱氢制得。