基于多小波变换的红外目标探测与识别

针对光电联合变换相关器目标识别的实际应用,对待测红外目标图片进行多小波变换,并利用模极大值法提取其边缘.通过获取更多的轮廓信息,从而提高对目标的识别能力.计算机模拟了常用于红外目标处理的多小波GHM和SA4,实验结果表明:基于GHM多小波提取的边缘能获取大量的图像轮廓信息,其识别结果明显优于SA4多小波.将目标原图的光学相关探测结果与基于GHM多小波提取的边缘图像光学相关探测结果进行比较发现,经多小波预处理后的边缘图像能有效增强相关峰强度.     

Influences of stoichiometry on steadily propagating triple flames in counterflows

Most studies of triple flames in counterflowing streams of fuel and oxidizer have been focused on the symmetric problem in which the stoichiometric mixture fraction is 1/2. There then exist lean and rich premixed flames of roughly equal strengths, with a diffusion flame trailing behind from the stoichiometric point at which they meet. In the majority of realistic situations, however, the stoichiometric mixture fraction departs appreciably from unity, typically being quite small. With the objective of clarifying the influences of stoichiometry, attention is focused on one of the simplest possible models, addressed here mainly by numerical integration. When the stoichiometric mixture fraction departs appreciably from 1/2, one of the premixed wings is found to be dominant to such an extent that the diffusion flame and the other premixed flame are very weak by comparison. These curved, partially premixed flames are expected to be relevant in realistic configurations. In addition, a simple kinematic balance is shown to predict the shape of the front and the propagation velocity reasonably well in the limit of low stretch and low curvature.     

First-principles calculations of magnetic edge states in zigzag CrI3 nanoribbons

CrI₃ monolayer has recently drawn much attention due to its two-dimensional long range ferromagnetic order. We find that CrI₃ nanoribbons, which are strips of CrI₃ monolayer, can be used as building blocks of nanodevices. In this paper, we studied the atomic and electronic structures of CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons by using first-principles calculations. CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons are also ferromagnet. Interestingly, edge states exist in the system and play an important role in their electronic structures. They dominate the band structures around Fermi level and can be tuned by edge atomic structures. The intrinsic ferromagnetism and rich electronic structures enable CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons a group of promising candidate materials for spintronics.     

新型4-羟基香豆素烯醚衍生物的合成

氮气保护下,以4-羟基香豆素类化合物和2-丁炔酸酯类化合物为原料,1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)为催化剂,乙腈为溶剂,经Michael加成反应合成了11个新型4-羟基香豆素烯醚衍生物（3a~3k）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS（ESI）表征,其构型经H-H NOESY谱确定为Z构型。考察了投料比r[n(2-丁炔酸乙酯,2a) : n(4-羟基香豆素,1a)］、溶剂、催化剂、反应温度和反应时间对3a收率的影响。结果表明：在最优条件［r=1.2,乙腈为溶剂,DBU作催化剂,于80 ℃回流反应18 h］下,3a收率最高（70%）。     

5-甲基-3-硝甲基己酸乙酯的合成

以异戊醛和膦酰乙酸三乙酯为原料,1,8-二氮杂二环［5,4,0］十一碳-7-烯(DBU)为催化剂,碘化钠为磷酸酯碳负离子稳定助剂,经Horner-Wadsworth Emmons反应合成了5-甲基-2-己烯酸乙酯(3),收率90%;仍以DBU为催化剂,3与硝基甲烷经Michael加成反应合成5-甲基-3-硝甲基己酸乙酯,收率98%,两步总收率88.2%,其结构经¹H NMR和IR确证。     

Sizable band gap in organometallic topological insulator

Based on first principle calculation when Ceperley–Alder and Perdew–Burke–Ernzerh type exchange-correlation energy functional were adopted to LSDA and GGA calculation, electronic properties of organometallic honeycomb lattice as a two-dimensional topological insulator was calculated. In the presence of spin–orbit interaction bulk band gap of organometallic lattice with heavy metals such as Au, Hg, Pt and Tl atoms were investigated. Our results show that the organometallic topological insulator which is made of Mercury atom shows the wide bulk band gap of about ∼120 meV. Moreover, by fitting the conduction and valence bands to the band-structure which are produced by Density Functional Theory, spin–orbit interaction parameters were extracted. Based on calculated parameters, gapless edge states within bulk insulating gap are indeed found for finite width strip of two-dimensional organometallic topological insulators.     

Numerical investigations of the vortex interactions for a flow over a pitching foil at different stages

The fluid–structure interaction is investigated numerically for a two-dimensional flow (Re=2.5·10⁶) over a sinusoid-pitching foil by the SST (Shear Stress Transport) k–ω model. Although discrepancies in the downstroke phase, which are also documented in other numerical studies, are observed by comparing with experimental results, our current numerical results are sufficient to predict the mean features and qualitative tendencies of the dynamic stall phenomenon. These discrepancies are evaluated carefully from the numerical and experimental viewpoints.In this study, we have utilized Λ, which is the normalized second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor, to present the evolution of the Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) and Trailing Edge Vortex (TEV). The convective, pressure, and diffusion terms during the dynamic stall process are discussed based on the transport equation of Λ. It is found that the pressure term dominates the rate of the change of the rotation strength inside the LEV. This trend can hardly be observed directly by using the vorticity transport equation due to the zero baroclinic term for the incompressible flow.The mechanisms to delay the stall are categorized based on the formation of the LEV. At the first stage before the formation of the LEV in the upper surface, the pitching foil provides extra momentum into the fluid flows to resist the flow separation, and hence the stall is delayed. At the second stage, a low-pressure area travels with the evolution of the LEV such that the lift still can be maintained. Three short periods at the second stage corresponds to different flow patterns during the dynamic stall, and these short periods can be distinguished according to the trend of the pressure variation inside the LEV. The lift stall occurs when a reverse flow from the lower surface is triggered during the shedding of the LEV. For a reduced frequency k_f=0.15, the formation of the TEV happens right after the lift stall, and the lift can drop dramatically. With a faster reduced frequency k_f=0.25, the shedding of the LEV is postponed into the downstroke, and the interaction between the LEV and TEV becomes weaker correspondingly. Thus, the lift drops more gently after the stall. In order to acquire more reliable numerical results within the downstroke phase, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES), which is capable of better predictions for the laminar-to-turbulent transition and flow reattachment process, will be considered as the future work.     

HL-2A 装置超声分子束注入缓解偏滤器靶板上边缘局域模热通量研究

在HL-2A 装置上优化和发展了偏滤器靶板上的红外测温系统,并利用该系统分析了高约束模放电期间边缘局域模的热沉积分布特性。在高约束模式放电期间,超声分子束注入使边缘局域模所引起的偏滤器靶板上瞬间热通量峰值下降了~60%,并伴随着边缘局域模爆发频率增加了2~3 倍,而等离子体储能仅下降了~8%。分析结果表明,大幅度的丝状结构在超声分子束注入之后得到了有效抑制,沉积到偏滤器靶板上的瞬间热通量峰值也随之下降。此外,在超声分子束注入之后偏滤器室内的热辐射损失大幅度增加,从而耗散了热输运所携带的部分能量,进一步分散了沉积到偏滤器靶板上的能量,有效地保护了偏滤器靶板。     

激光诱导击穿光谱结合标准加入法定量分析未知样品中铅含量

利用激光诱导击穿光谱结合标准加入法定量分析了铅蓄电池厂含铅污泥中重金属铅元素含量,标准加入法有效避免了外标法与内标法制作标准曲线时基质不同对LIBS检测结果的影响,且样品处理过程简单。实验采用中心波长为1 064 nm的Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,以高分辨率、宽光谱段的中阶梯光栅光谱仪和增强型电荷耦合器件为谱线分离与探测器件,选取铅的PbⅠ：405.78 nm特征谱线作为分析线,以FeⅠ：404.58 nm特征谱线作为内标线进行结果计算。预实验确定较佳的实验条件后(激光脉冲能量：128.5 mJ,延时：2.5 μs,门宽：3 μs),对铅蓄电池厂的未知铅泥样品中铅元素进行定量分析,结果表明加入铅在0~25 000 mg·kg-1范围内谱线不会产生自吸收,PbⅠ：405.78 nm信号强度与铅加入量呈很好的线性关系,由此确定合适的铅加入量为0~25 000 mg·kg-1。在此基础上配制四个样品,基质均为铅蓄电池厂含铅污泥,加入铅浓度分别为5 000,10 000,15 000,20 000 mg·kg-1,每个样品设置三个平行样,验证实验重复性及可靠性,并与ICP-MS检测结果对比,结果直线外推误差为-14.8%。12个样品单次计算结果误差介于为-24.6%~17.6%之间,含铅量平均值为43 069 mg·kg-1,相对误差为-2.44%。     

丙烯酰胺多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷在超临界CO2中的RAFT聚合

以超临界CO₂为聚合介质, 硫代苯甲酰基特丁基硫酯(TTBT)为链转移剂, 通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合制备了聚丙烯酰胺多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(PAMPOSS)均聚物及其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的嵌段共聚物(PAMPOSS-b-PMMA). 对产物结构组成和分子量及其分布进行表征. 结果表明, 在TTBT的控制下, POSS的均聚物和嵌段共聚物具有高分子量及窄分子量分布. 含POSS单体在超临界CO₂中为均相聚合, POSS聚合物的结晶性在一定程度上影响其在超临界CO₂中溶解性.