How the interplay of different control mechanisms affects the initiator efficiency factor in controlled radical polymerization: An investigation using organometallic Mo-based catalysts

Compound CpMoI₂(iPr₂dad) (iPr₂dad = iPrNCHCHNiPr), obtained by halide exchange from CpMoCl₂(iPr₂dad) and NaI, has been isolated and characterized by EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography. Its action as a catalyst in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and as a spin trap in organometallic radical polymerization (OMRP) of styrene and methyl acrylate (MA) monomers has been investigated and compared with that of the dichloro analogue. Compound CpMoCl₂(iPr₂dad) catalyzes the ATRP of styrene and MA with low efficiency factors f (as low as 0.37 for MA and ethyl 2-chloropropionate as initiator), while it irreversibly traps the corresponding growing radical chains under OMRP conditions. On the other hand, compound CpMoI₂(iPr₂dad) has a greater ATRP catalytic activity than the dichloro analogue and yields f = 1 for MA and ethyl 2-iodopropionate as initiator. Under OMRP conditions, it does not irreversibly trap the growing radical chains. This comparison serves to illustrate the general principle that low initiator efficiency factors, sometimes observed in ATRP, may result from the interplay of the ATRP and OMRP mechanisms, when the latter ones involves an irreversible radical trapping process.     

1,5-二氮杂二环[4.3.0]-壬-5-烯与全氟烷基炔酸甲酯的Michael加成反应

1,5-二氮杂二环[4．3．0]-壬-5-烯(DBN)与全氟烷基炔酸甲酯发生Michael加成反应,生成的中间体发生分子内缩合产生了三环化合物。其结构经元素分析,IR,MS和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱,二维核磁共振^13C-^1H cosy谱,二维核磁共振^1H-^1H cosy谱确认。对反应机理也进行了探讨。     

烷基锌与亚胺不对称加成反应的研究进展

综述了烷基锌与亚胺不对称加成反应的最新进展。参考文献31篇。     

不受电极斜率限制的离子电极标准加入法算图

格兰图在离子选择电极法中应用广泛,但该图要求电极响应的能斯特斜率为一定值。对电极斜率偏离理论值的情况进行修正已有报道。 本文提出一种不需任何电极斜率校正步骤的算图,即以加入标准溶液后电位的变化值△E与实际斜率S的比值△pe对加入标准溶液体积Vs作图的计算图(简称为△pe格兰图)。在实际操作中,根据测得的△E值和S值,经换算为△pe后,即可在标准算图上作图进行结果计算。克服了作空白溶液线或共线图线时可能引进的误差,简化了结果处理过程。此外,对不同价态离子的测定,该算图纵坐标标度△pe不变,不必扩大或缩小,作图十分方便。     

含菲罗啉基α,ω-双香豆素长链化合物光化学行为的研究

α,ω-双香豆素长链化合物的光二聚反应,由于香豆素基受长链的束缚,被限制于一定的活动空间,从而地提高了其光二聚反应的效率,已见诸于过去的报道^[1].同时文献也表明香豆素及其衍生物如呋喃并8-甲氧基香豆素等,由于3,4-双键的缺电子性,因而能够和富电子的烯烃如四甲基乙烯等通过光诱导电子转移生成激基复合物(Exciplex),然后实现(2+2)光加成反应^[2].在Wels等^[3]的研究工作中四甲基乙烯的用量约10倍于香豆素的用量,他们认为四甲基乙烯障碍或干扰了香豆素激基缔合物(Excimer)的生成,使香豆素的二聚反应猝灭而形成烯烃和香豆素的光环加成产物.本工作合成了一新型A,X-双香豆素长链化合物,在其联接链中除联有四甘醇外,还带有一菲罗啉基.同时该分子中菲罗啉和香豆素的摩尔比为1:2.十分显然,这一化合物在光照过程中可能存在两类不同的光环加成反应,即香豆素间或香豆素与菲罗啉间的反应.本文对此问题进行了初步研究.     

高选择性透过二氧化硫气体分离膜的研究(Ⅲ)──乙烯基亚砜与聚乙烯醇的Michael加成反应及其结构表征

本文合成了4种烷基乙烯基亚砜。研究了其与聚乙烯醇在碱催化下的Michael加成反应,制备了不同亚砜含量的聚合物。研究了其溶解性能,用IR及¹HNMR法对聚合物进行了表征。     

Continuous Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization in Miniemulsion Utilizing a Multi‐Tube Reaction System

Summary: A unique, multi‐tube, continuous reactor has been successfully designed and implemented for the study of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in miniemulsions. Data collection is greatly enhanced by the ability to simultaneously collect samples at five different residence times. The results of a styrene homopolymerization show that kinetically, the reactor exhibits similar behavior to a batch reaction. Number‐average molecular weights increased linearly with conversion, typical of living polymerizations.

The number‐average molecular weight of the polymers produced in the tubular reactor increased linearly with conversion, indicative of a controlled polymerization.     

2D NMR研究呋喃糖Grignard加成产物的绝对构型

通过对相应呋喃糖进行Grignard亲和加成合成了苯基及苄基取代呋喃糖.所得主要产物的结构和绝对构型通过二维核磁共振进行了研究.其结果通过计算机分子模拟优化,并进行了比较和确认.     

一种新的闪光照相图象边界检测方法

介绍了一种用于闪光X光照相图象的边界检测方法,称为计算对比法.对于投影成象,由于成象系统的非理想特性,实际照相特性的边界与理想成象图象的边界之间往往存在一位置差,我们称之为边界退化量.模糊图象的边界检测问题主要就是边界退化量的检测问题.本文提出的计算对比法根据闪光X光照相图象的退化模型进行计算模拟成象,用从模拟图象上得出的边界退化量对实际成象图象的位置进行校正.从而达到精确检测实际图象的目的.用这种方法对多幅模拟成象图象进行了处理.     

General Forms for the Recursive Determination of Generalized Inverses: Unified Approach

Results for the recursive determination of different types of generalized inverses of a matrix are presented for the case of the addition of a block-column matrix of arbitrary size. Using a unifying underlying theme, results for the generalized inverse, least-square generalized inverse, minimum norm generalized inverse, and Moore–Penrose inverse are included.