Triangle Distribution and Equation of State for Classical Rigid Disks

The triangle distribution function f ⁽³⁾ for three mutual near neighbors in the plane describes basic aspects of short-range order and statistical thermodynamics in two-dimensional many-particle systems. This paper examines prospects for constructing a self-consistent calculation for the rigid-disk-system f ⁽³⁾. We present several identities obeyed by f ⁽³⁾. A rudimentary closure suggested by scaled-particle theory is introduced. In conjunction with three of the basic identities, this closure leads to an unique f ⁽³⁾ over the entire density range. The pressure equation of state exhibits qualitatively correct behaviors in both the low-density and the close-packed limits, but no intervening phase transition appears. We discuss extensions to improved disk closures, and to the three-dimensional rigid-sphere system.     

New Theory of Hybrid-Upwind Technique and Discrete Del Operator for Finite-Element Method

In this paper, we present a new hybrid-streamline-upwind finite-element method, which is based on the finite analytic method developed in the field of the finite difference method. In order to obtain an optimal shape function, we introduce an adjoint differential operator to the differential operator for a steady advection-diffusion equation. The shape functions which satisfy these differential operators are mutually dual. One of them interpolates accurately the functions appearing in convection-dominated flows, the other becomes a hybrid-streamline-upwind weighting function. Furthermore, we define a discrete del operator for the reduction of memory storage in the computer. As a result, we achieve simplicity of formulation and high-speed calculation of the finite-element method.     

非球体填充的组合球模型及松弛算法

现有的松弛算法由于仅用于球填充而只考虑颗粒的平动,故提出考虑非球体转动的改进松弛算法并采用组合球模型,使其能够模拟任意形状非球体的随机填充以及多种非球体的混合填充.用多个球体的外包络面近似一个非球体外形的组合球模型,将非球体之间的接触转化为球体之间的接触,从而简化并统一非球体接触判断算法.通过引入非球体的转矩和转角松弛机制,使改进松弛算法克服了"自锁"现象,并能生成非球体的随机密填充.算例表明,填充结果与现有的数值模拟及实验结果相符.     

双表面活性剂协同增敏二甲酚橙光度法测定镉的研究与应用

研究了 SDS和 CPB对二甲酚橙光度法测定镉的增敏作用 ,实验表明在六次甲基四胺 - HNO3- KNO3存在下 ,表面活性剂 SDS和 CPB对二甲酚橙光度法测定镉有较强的增敏作用。摩尔吸光系数ε=2 .73×10 4 L· mol-1·cm-1灵敏度比未加双表面活性剂时提高了 70 .6% ,最大吸收波长 λmax为 5 86nm,红移了8nm。镉的浓度在 0 .2— 12μg· m L-1范围内符合比耳定律。该法应用于海产品及工业废水中镉的分析 ,结果令人满意     

双波长分光光度法测定菲与菲醌

用双波长分光光度法对菲与菲醌的混合成分进行了同时测定,样品不经分离,方法简便,测定快速,结果准确,可靠。     

高pH介质中1-氨基萘的双重荧光——氨基的激发态酸式电离

1－萘胺（NA）的基态与激发态电离已有诸多报道,但主要集中于低pH介质中1－萘铵离子的酸碱电离过程,并已在NA的酸性水溶液中观察到了分别对应于萘铵离子和中性萘胺分子的双重荧光^[1]。萘胺本身作为“酸”的酸碱电离研究则未见报道。已知苯胺的基态pKa。高达25^[2],这可能是难于观察到NA基态酸式电离的重要原因之一。近年来,由于对认识光合作用原初过程具有重要启示意义,有关诱导激发态质子转移和电子转移偶合的研究备受关注^[3-5],并且已经注意到二者之间的相互促进作用。在激发态NA分子中,由于分子内发生电荷转移(ICT)过程 ^[6,7],氨氮原子上电荷密度下降,氨基的酸性将可能大幅度提高^[8],从而有可能在高pH介质中观察到萘胺的激发态酸碱电离过程。因此,我们设计合成了NA的系列衍生物1－萘胺乙酸（NAA）和1－萘胺二乙酸（NADA）,研究了NA,NAA,NADA和1－二甲氨基萘（DMAN）（图1）在高pH水溶液中的荧光光谱,首次观察到了NA和NAA在高pH介质中的双重荧光,揭示了1－萘胺中氨基的激发态酸式电离性质。     

一类特殊线性双层规划的对偶规划

本文首先给出值型线性双层规划的等价形式 ,然后讨论了非增的值型线性双层规划的 Johri一般对偶规划 ,并且说明了其对偶间隙等于零 ,最后说明了它们最优解的关系     

Approximation Algorithms for Dispersion Problems

Given a collection of weighted sets, each containing at most k elements drawn from a finite base set, the k-set packing problem is to find a maximum weight sub-collection of disjoint sets. A greedy algorithm for this problem approximates it to within a factor of k, and a natural local search has been shown to approximate it to within a factor of roughly k − 1. However, neither paradigm can yield approximations that improve on this.We present an approximation algorithm for the weighted k-set packing problem that combines the two paradigms by starting with an initial greedy solution and then repeatedly choosing the best possible local improvement. The algorithm has a performance ratio of 2(k + 1)/3, which we show is asymptotically tight. This is the first asymptotic improvement over the straightforward ratio of k.     

有限典型空间的对偶极图的次成分I

设Fq是一个含有q个元素的有限域.用T表示Fq上2v维辛空间的对偶极图.对于Г的任何顶点Р,Г的所有次成分Гi(Р)(1≤i≤v)的结构被研究,并且以下结果被证明Ti(P)同构于[vi]q·Sym(i,q),其中Sym(i,q)是Fq上i×i对称矩阵图.进一步,Fq上2v+δ维伪辛空间的对偶极图△δ的相应问题也被解决.     

Preparation of weak cation exchange packings based on monodisperse poly(chloromethylstyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) particles and its chromatographic properties

Monodisperse poly (chloromethylstyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) particles were firstly prepared by a two‐step swelling method. Based on this media, one kind of weak cation ion exchange packings was prepared. It was demonstrated that the prepared packings have comparative advantages for biopolymer separation with high column efficiency, low interstitial volume and low column backpressure, and have good resolution to proteins. The effects of salt concentration and pH of mobile phase on protein retentions were investigated. The properties of the weak cation ion exchange packings were evaluated by the unified retention model for mixed‐mode interaction mechanism in ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography.