Momentum space distribution of electrons in an atom using hydrogenic wave functions

A formulation is developed to derive exact analytic expressions for electron-electron correlation and density of electrons in momentum space using hydrogenic wave functions. It is shown that for large atoms the expression for density of electrons has a simple form.     

双程掺镱光纤放大器的增益特征及优化

比较了掺钕光纤和掺镱光纤对1064 nm光放大的特点.基于速率方程和传输方程,数值分析了在915 nm泵浦下双程掺镱光纤放大器的增益特征,并且和传统的单程放大进行了比较.分析了信号光和泵浦光,以及粒子数沿着光纤方向的分布特点.最后对双程掺镱光纤放大器进行了优化.     

Asymmetric responses of international stock markets to trading volume

The major goal of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that stock returns and return volatility are asymmetric, threshold nonlinear, functions of change in trading volume. A minor goal is to examine whether return spillover effects also display such asymmetry. Employing a double-threshold GARCH model with trading volume as a threshold variable, we find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis in five international market return series. Asymmetric causality tests lend further support to our trading volume threshold model and conclusions. Specifically, an increase in volume is positively associated, while decreasing volume is negatively associated, with the major price index in four of the five markets. The volatility of each series also displays an asymmetric reaction, four of the markets display higher volatility following increases in trading volume. Using posterior odds ratio, the proposed threshold model is strongly favored in three of the five markets, compared to a US news double threshold GARCH model and a symmetric GARCH model. We also find significant nonlinear asymmetric return spillover effects from the US market.     

Size Effect of the Immediate Surround for the Border between the Natural and Unnatural Object Color Appearance

The border luminance of the test stimulus between the natural and unnatural object color, y_ynB_u was obtained for different spatial sizes of the immediate surround to prove that _nB_u can be determined based on a new recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) that is assumed to be constructed for the immediate surround separately from the RVSI for the subjects room itself. The _nB_u of five test stimuli were determined for six different sizes covering from zero to 1866 cm² with four different lightnesses, N4, N6 and N8, while keeping the room illuminance constant at 100 or 600 lx. The results showed that luminance of the border _nB_u gradually decreased as the size of the immediate surround was increased and that the decrease was larger for immediate surround with lower lightness. The results were interpreted as showing a new RVSI constructed for the spatial extent of the immediate surround of the test stimulus, and the RVSI was more completely constructed for larger spatial size of the immediate surround. © 2005 The Optical Society of Japan     

具有空间重叠性和时间同步性的双波长TEA CO2激光器研究

提出了一种改进的双波长TEA CO2激光器,不仅具有良好的空间重叠性,而且具有比较理想的时间同步性.该激光器由两个空间上部分重叠的光栅和一个锗镜构成光栅-平面腔,两个光栅前后放置,相互利用,共同建立双频振荡,由锗镜输出双波长激光.通过改变两光栅的有效面积,对两输出脉冲空间重叠性进行调节;通过改变两光栅的角度形成的失谐缩小输出脉冲的时间间隔,达到时间同步性.实验表明,可以在空间重叠性的基础上使两输出脉冲的时间间隔由1 000 ns调整到200 ns.     

A novel frame shift and integral technique for processing low-light-level moving image sequence

A new method for processing low-light-level moving image sequence is proposed, in which (1) a novel algorithm based on difference processing has been firstly developed to determine the motion parameters of moving image sequence, (2) the spatial relativity of the frames within moving image sequence can be then well established after frame shifting according to motion parameters obtained above, (3) finally, frame integration method can be applied to each processed frame, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of low-light-level moving image sequence. Experiments have been carried out to verify the validity of the proposed method, which show that the parameters obtained by the developed algorithm coincide well with the actual values, and the SNRs of the moving image sequences were effectively increased with the proposed method, indicating that the method offers significant advantages in the enhancement of low-light-level moving image sequence.     

Small amplitude ion-acoustic double layers with cold electron beam and q-nonextensive electrons

Small amplitude ion-acoustic double layers in an unmagnetized and collisionless plasma consisting of cold positive ions, q-nonextensive electrons, and a cold electron beam are investigated. Small amplitude double layer solution is obtained by expanding the Sagdeev potential truncated method. The effects of entropic index q, speed and density of cold electron beam on double layer structures are discussed.     

An improved watermarking method based on double random phase encoding technique

An improved watermarking method, based on the double random phase encoding technique and the cascaded-phases iterative algorithm and random-phase-shift algorithm, is proposed. This method can significantly reduce the needs of watermarking information storage for different multimedia products, and provide a reasonable criterion of determining the authenticity of a product for the copyright owner. This method can also be applied to track the source of copies. The effectiveness of this method was verified through numerical simulations.     

Double peaks on ac magnetization in a superconducting Pb-porous glass nanocomposite

Studies of temperature dependences of ac magnetization were carried out for a superconducting lead-porous glass nanocomposite. Double peaks were found on the imaginary part of ac magnetization which were accompanied with double steps on the real part. The lower-temperature anomalies in ac magnetization differed noticeably when they were obtained upon cooling and warming. The double peaks were treated as two phase transitions in the vortex system: the liquid-solid transition which occurs close to the onset of superconductivity and solid-solid one which is triggered by superconductivity in confined lead islands.     

NASA lasers probe planets

NASA is engaged in monitoring the health of planet Earth and exploring the other planets. For the former, global measurements of critical Earth parameters including ice sheet thickness, greenhouse gases, oxygen, wind velocity, and aerosols, are required. Highly specialized lasers, sometimes at new laser wavelengths, are needed to measure these variables. There are three approaches for this laser development being pursued by NASA. First, rather than seeking new lasers employing an empirical approach, a quantum mechanical model is used to predict better new lasers. Second, where lasers exist but the wavelength is not quite right, a technique referred to as compositional tuning was developed. Third, innovative laser designs are devised to produce laser sources at the requisite wavelengths.