Butler groups with a single τ-adic relation

It is proved that a τ-adic relation characterizing a Butler group is piecewise rational. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 882–887, December, 1996.     

The rheological properties of the arterial wall

Key words The rheological properties of rat arteries were studied in vitro. Using intact arterial segments undergoing large deformations in longitudinal and circumferential direction, both the stress-strain relationship and the corresponding histological changes with deformation are presented. Correlations between the mechanical properties and the histological structure are discussed.     

Gasdynamic characteristics of toroidal shock and detonation wave converging

Shock wave focusing is a fundamental problem in the shock wave research and the instantaneous impulse of high temperature and pressure generated at the focal points has been applied recently in industrial and medical researches[1]. There are several methods to create shock wave focusing, among which the more commonly-used one is to make a planar shock wave reflect from a concave surface, such as the elliptical or parabolic re- flector. Toroidal shock wave focusing has been proposed and investi…     

On Mobility and Einstein Relation for Tracers in Time-Mixing Random Environments

In this paper we rigorously establish the existence of the mobility coefficient for a tagged particle in a simple symmetric exclusion process with adsorption/desorption of particles, in a presence of an external force field interacting with the particle. The proof is obtained using a perturbative argument. In addition, we show that, for a constant external field, the mobility of a particle equals to the self-diffusivity coefficient, the so-called Einstein relation. The method can be applied to any system where the environment has a Markovian evolution with a fast convergence to equilibrium (spectral gap property). In this context we find a necessary relation between forward and backward velocity for the validity of the Einstein relation. This relation is always satisfied by reversible systems. We provide an example of a non-reversible system, where the Einstein relation is valid.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the page numbers.     

Microchemical and Microstructural Characterization of the Early Stages of the Discontinuous Precipitation Reaction in Al-22 at.% Zn Alloy

High-spatial energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis has been applied in order to reveal changes of chemical composition accompanying the formation of the lamellar structure due to discontinuous precipitation reaction in Al-22at.% Zn alloy. The line-scans performed in the reaction zone have shown that the region left behind the grain boundary (GB) after its displacement from the original position is solute depleted, similar to the de-alloying case of diffusion induced grain boundary migration. This enables the allotriomorphs to be transformed into solute-rich lamellae and development of lamellar + structure, especially if the GB moves in the direction perpendicular to its original location. If the direction of movement is strongly inclined to the original location of the GB, the growth usually stops after a short period of time, mainly due to formation of the precipitation free zone (PFZ) ahead of the reaction front. The detailed EDX examination revealed that there is a sharp change in solute content at the lamella/PFZ and PFZ/matrix alloy interfaces. The solute content in the PFZ is lower than in the neighbouring lamella and it corresponds to the equilibrium state. Therefore, one can suppose that the PFZ is formed due to backward movement of the reaction front in order to consume the excess of solute atoms stored in the lamellae in comparison with the equilibrium state. As soon as the equilibrium state is attained within the PFZ, the growth of the colony is completed.     

应用χ~2统计量分析保险数据

本文就乌鲁木齐市不同民族,不同职业的居民对保险产品的认同水平运用χ2统计量[1]及关系矩阵进行齐一性假设检验,并对结果进行分析,得出了合乎情理的结论。根据居民职业的不同我们可以将文卫科、企管、工人、农牧、服务业、其他职业归为一类,而"公务员"、"金融"、"个体"各为一类。不同民族的居民对保险的认同水平同样差异显著:回族、维族与其它民族的差异性很小;回族与汉族有差异不大;而维族与汉族之间差异最大。     

中国理论物理学家与生物学家结合的典范——回顾汤佩松和王竹溪先生对植物细胞水分关系研究的历史性贡献(上)

文章介绍了我国生物学家汤佩松先生和理论物理学家王竹溪先生42年前在植物生理学方面作出的一项具有重要历史意义的贡献．他们于1941年先于西方科学家二十多年提出解释植物细胞水分关系的热力学理论,首先引入了水势概念．然而这项贡献一直被埋没四十多年才得到承认．文章分析了汤佩松和王竹溪先生工作的内容、历史地位及其产生的背景,讨论了其在国内外的遭遇的原因及今日应当从中记取的教训．     

Accelerating Flat Universe and Analytic Study of the m-z Relation

An accelerating flat universe with a variable cosmological term is obtained in the Robertson-Walker metric. The variable cosmological term is defined by the correction terms of the metric tensor field. Simple solutions of the scale factor and the cosmological term are shown. In this model of the universe, the magnitude-redshift relation is analytically studied to see if the model reproduces the tendency of the present observational data. The equation of state parameter is touched.     

The Ingham Divisor Problem on the Set of Numbers without kth Powers

Suppose that k and l are integers such that and , M _k is a set of numbers without kth powers, and . In this paper, we obtain asymptotic estimates of the sums over