Identification of chemical substances in analytical measurements

 Characteristic features of identification procedures of chemical substances are described and the metrological requirements for identification are discussed. The procedures are considered to be rigorous enough, if quantitative criteria such as the measure of similarity between physicochemical properties or spectra of the unknown substance and reference materials are used. Identification involves expert opinion which is of prime importance in the analysis of samples of unknown composition. The reliability of substance recognition can be increased by selecting highly qualified personnel, establishing a good information supply, using an on-line combination of separation and detection instruments such as chromatography-spectrometry and estimating the probability of identification. Standard conditions for reliable identification including quantitative criteria are examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as an example. Received: 19 August 1998 / Accepted: 12 September 1998     

A remark on the optimal cloning of an N-level quantum system

We study quantum cloning machines (QCM) that act on an unknown N-level quantum state and make M copies. We give a formula for the maximum of the fidelity of cloning and exhibit the unitary transformations that realize this optimal fidelity. We also extend the results to treat the case of M copies from () identical N-level quantum systems. Received 21 September 1999     

中介逻辑演算系统MPN及MFN

为满足不完全信息系统应用的需要,本文构造了基于命题联结词∧、∨、→、ヲ、～和～的中介逻辑命题演算系统ＭＰＮ和中介逻辑谓词演算系统ＭＦＮ,并证明了ＭＰＮ与ＭＰ＊、ＭＦＮ与ＭＦ＊的表达能力等价。ＭＦＮ将为进一步讨论不完全信息数据库作准备     

成都市信息技术产业的计量经济模型

本文针对成都市信息技术产业的实际情况,依据市电子工业局提供的数据建立了成都市信息技术产业的计量经济模型．该模型由８ 个方程组成,包含８ 个内生变量和１２ 个外生变量．根据模型的方程体系,对成都市现有的电子信息产业结构进行分析,揭示了市电子工业总产出的影响因素,提出了该行业结构优化的建议方案,并给出了一个可行的预测方程;分部类排序结果表明成都市信息技术产业化仍停留在分立元器件基础阶段,产业发展水平亟待提高     

二维卷积中信息的丢失及其弥补

提出一种解决二维卷积中信息丢失的方法.理论研究表明二维非中心点评估的卷积整数是一些确定的中心点的卷积整数的线性组合.求解出一系列非中心点评估的卷积整数,以保证处理二维数据阵时不会发生信息丢失的情况.本文还讨论了二维非中心点卷积整数的对称性和整套卷积参数的重要性.     

一种解决一维卷积中信息丢失的简捷方法

提出一种弥补因卷积造成信息丢失的简捷方法。理论推导表明,非中心点评估导数的卷积整数正好是若干中心点评估导数卷积整数的线性组合,而后者在修正的Savitzky-Golay表中可以找到。本法提供一种产生任意点评估卷积整数的捷径,表格编排成易于参考的形式。     

一种改进的时变转移概率AIMM跟踪算法

针对矢量线阵跟踪目标低频线谱提取问题,提出了一种矢量线阵低频线谱提取方法,其中利用拉平后线谱的均方差乘一比例因子设为门限的方法,可以有效提取线谱成分;并且研究了利用互谱中高信噪比线谱测向剔除干扰线谱方法,准确提取出目标特征线谱,可较有效解决矢量线阵左右舷目标低频线谱特征相互干扰问题。上述矢量线阵低频线谱提取方法,得到了海试数据的初步验证。     

Bio-inspired Structure-editing Fluorescent Hydrogel Actuators for Environment-interactive Information Encryption

Many living organisms have the superb structure-editing capacity for better adaptation in dynamic environments over the course of their life cycle. However, it's still challenging to replicate such natural structure-editing capacity into artificial hydrogel actuating systems for enhancing environment-interactive functions. Herein, we learn from the metamorphosis development of glowing octopus to construct proof-of-concept fluorescent hydrogel actuators with life-like structure-editing capacity by developing a universal stepwise inside-out growth strategy. These actuators could perform origami-like 3D shape deformation and also enable the postnatal growth of new structures to adapt additional actuating states for different visual information delivery by using different environment keys (e.g., temperature, pH). This study opens previously unidentified-avenues of bio-inspired hydrogel actuators/robotics and extends the potential uses for environment-interactive information encryption.     

On the Cauchy Problem of Evolution p-Laplacian Equation with Nonlinear Gradient Term

The authors study the existence of solution to p-Laplacian equation with non-linear forcing term under optimal assumptions on the initial data,which are assumed to be measures.The existence of local solution is obtained.     

Akaike's Information Criterion for Stoichiometry Inference of Supramolecular Complexes

“How do we decide the stoichiometry of host–guest complexes?” This question has long been answered by the Job plot since its first report in 1928. However, as the Job plot was claimed to be misleading in 2016, the question became an open question again and called for renewed investigations. An information-theoretic approach, called Akaike's information criterion, is introduced in this study to select the best model of host–guest complexes, which can rank the models with weight of evidence. A few test cases with unique cylindrical hosts were examined to demonstrate the applicability of the information-theoretic method. Consequently, reasonable views over the thermodynamic behaviors of dumbbell-and-cylinder complexes were obtained. Akaike's information criterion can be a useful and superior alternative to statistical null hypothesis testing, which was proposed as a remedy in place of the Job plot.