Ⅲ-Ⅴ族多面体团簇的稳定性规律

本文对Ⅲ-Ⅴ族多面体团簇的几何结构与稳定性规律之间的关系进行了总结,内容包括富勒烯C_n团簇、C_nX_n(X=H,F)团簇、B_nN_n团簇、(HBNH)_n团簇、N_n团簇及羰基硼(BCO)_n团簇。对于富勒烯,最成熟的稳定性判据为独立五元环规则和五元环共边计数规则,它们都强调C_n团簇由五元环与六元环形成,且五元环应最大程度分离。但氢化或氟化后的C_nX_n(X=H,F)团簇有不同的稳定性规律,它们的稳定结构为五元环聚集的管状结构。B_nN_n团簇主要由四元环、六元环这样的偶数元环形成,避免了BB或NN键的出现。其最稳定结构中,四元环呈最大分离。最稳定的(HBNH)_n团簇为四元环聚集的针状结构。N原子与CH单元为等电子体,但最稳定的N_n团簇由三元环、五元环与六元环形成,呈管状结构。BCO单元与CH也具有等瓣相似性,但最稳定的(BCO)_n结构由三元环和六元环形成。对部分氢化或氟化富勒烯稳定性规律的探索,是Ⅲ-Ⅴ族团簇稳定性研究的下一个难点。     

C4Sm-4相对稳定性的从头算研究

从五十年代至今，对用通式C；；0：－…＝3，45，6n表征的氧碳化合物（OXOCCbollS）已进行了大显的理论和实验研究，认为它们是一类新的芳香化合物山．用硫、硒等取代氧的类似化合物（一般称为类氧碳化合物或假氧碳化合物，ps。11。10－OX。。CCI．b0118）的研究也有许多报导［     

外电场下氮化铝分子结构和光谱研究

以6-311＋G(2DF)为基函数, 采用密度泛函B3P86的方法研究了外电场作用下氮化铝(AlN)基态分子的几何结构、HOMO能级、LUMO能级、能隙及谐振频率. 结果表明, 外电场的大小和方向对AlN分子基态的这些性质有明显影响. 在所加的电场范围内, 随着外电场的增大分子键长减小, 谐振频率增大, 总能量升高, 在F＝0.02 a.u.时能量达到最大, 为－297.4217 a.u., 此后继续增大电场强度, 系统总能量则开始降低; EH 和EL 随着电场的增加均逐渐增大, 在 F＝0.01 a.u.时, EH 和EL均取得最大值, 分别为－0.2776和－0.0828 a.u., 随着电场的继续增大, 能级EH和EL均逐渐减小, 而能隙在外电场增大的过程中始终处于减小趋势.     

B炸药主要组分TNT和RDX分子间相互作用的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上研究了B炸药的主要成分--2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)与环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)分子间的相互作用, 得到了10种TNT＋RDX的全优化构型. 讨论了稳定构型在几何参数、稳定性、红外光谱和电荷分布上的差异. 借助自然键轨道(NBO)理论揭示了TNT与RDX分子间相互作用的本质, 主要由氢键所贡献. 分子间相互作用能在－3.930～－14.652 kJ•mol^－1之间, 经基组叠加误差(BSSE)校正, 相互作用能顺序为VI＞III＞V＞IV＞X＞I＞IX＞II＞VII＞VIII. 对全优化构型进行了热力学性质的分析, 探讨了由单体分子形成混合体系的热力学性质的变化, 结果发现, 形成分子间氢键是个放热过程. 运用Kamlet-Jacobs方程基于理论密度(ρ)估算了混合体系TNT＋RDX的爆轰性质爆速(D)和爆压(p), 与文献值进行比较表明理论计算方法和结果是可靠的.     

The synthesis,crystal structures and antimicrobial studies of C‐methyl‐substituted hexaaza macrocycle of Cu(II) having aromatic pendant arm

Cu(II) complexes of 14‐membered hexaaza macrocyclic ligand with C‐methyl substituent of the type [CuL](X)₂ (where L = 3,10‐bisbenzyl‐6,13‐dimethyl‐1,3,5,8,10,12‐hexaazacyclotetradecane, and X = ClO₄⁻, PF₆⁻) were synthesized by tandem reaction. They were characterized by spectral and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. The complexes show distorted octahedral geometry and the counter ions are weakly coordinated to the metal ion at the axial positions. The macrocyclic ring adopts the trans‐III configuration with six‐ and five‐membered chelate rings in chair and gauche conformation, respectively. It was observed that in the solid state the arrangement of the coordination sphere is distorted octahedral whereas, in solution, a square‐planar structure is predominant. The molar conductance of the complexes indicates that the axially bonded anions are almost dissociated in acetonitrile solution. The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrum of complex 1 is axial and consistent with a d_x² − _y² ground state. The [CuL](ClO₄)₂ was found to be active against the tested microorganism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磷的四原子簇合物的从头算研究

在ＳＴＯ－３Ｇ、３－２１Ｇ、３－２１Ｇ、４－３１Ｇ和４－３１Ｇ基组水平上，对磷的四原子簇合物Ｐ４＾２＋，Ｐ４，Ｐ４＾２－，Ｐ４＾４－做了ＳＣＦ－ＭＯ从头算研究。几何优化表明，对于已知结构的族合物分子计算结果与实验测定了几何形一致，同时确定了实验上结构未知的簇合物分子的稳定２几何。根据计算结果对四原子磷簇合物系列分子的相对稳定性和几何形了讨论。     

在不加对称性限制的条件下采用不同的半经验方法研究酞菁的电荷分布和几何构型（英文）

在不加对称性限制的条件下采用不同的半经验方法CNDO,INDO,MINDO/3,MNDO和Pm3对自由酞菁(H2Pc)进行几何构型最优化和电荷密度布居分析,并将所得结果与Am1方法以及X射线衍射和中子衍射数据的数据进行比较.结果表明只有从INDO方法得到的是桥式构型,而从CNDO, MINDO/3, MNDO,Am1, Pm3方法得到的都是键式构型.除INDO之外所有的这几种方法都对先前报道的几何构型扭曲给出进一步的支持证据.新近建立的半经验方法如MNDO,An1,Pm3等看起来更适合于用来研究大分子如酞菁及其类似物的几何构型扭曲和电荷分布极化等问题.     

Three-dimensional Molecular Geometry of PEG Hydrogels by an “Expansion-Contraction” Method through Monte Carlo Simulations

Three-dimensional(3-D) coarse-grained Monte Carlo algorithms were used to simulate the conformations of swollen hydrogels formed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition(Cu AAC). The simulation consists of three successive steps including diffusion, cross-linking and relaxation. The cross-linking of multifunctional reaction sites is simulated instantly followed by fast crosslinking. In order to explore the validity of this approach pristine poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) hydrogels with tri- and tetra-functional reaction sites(G3 and G4 respectively) were prepared and characterized. The data from the simulations were found to be in good agreement with experimental results such as PEG lengths between crosslinks, pore volume and pore radius distribution, indicating the validity of the modeling algorithm. The calculated PEG lengths in G3 and G4 networks are close(≈ 4.6 nm). The 3-D visual topological structure of the hydrogel network suggests that the ideal hydrogel is far from cubic, diamond or any well defined structures of regular repeating cells.     

Load-displacement behavior for double-edge cracked plate of polytetrafluoroethylene

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been employed in many engineering applications, mainly due to its special properties such as high electrical resistivity, high melting temperature, chemical inertness, corrosion resistance and very low friction. Although there are many works on PTFE, very few attempts have been made to understand the fracture behavior of this material. For this reason, the load-displacement behavior of double-edge cracked specimens of PTFE was examined and modeled and is reported in this paper. Specimens were tested under monotonic tensile load in quasi-static conditions at constant temperature. Images of the region around the crack were captured with a high-resolution camera and then processed by digital image correlation to obtain the displacement fields. Using these data, values of crack tip opening displacement and crack extension were estimated. To model the behavior of PTFE, a constitutive phenomenological model based on saturation and power law expressions combined with a damage evolution equation is proposed. The predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.